[17] "[213] Various Persian authors wrote texts retelling romanticized and synthesized versions of the battle and events from it,[125][215] including Sa'id al-Din's Rawdat al-Islam (The Garden of Islam) and Al-Khawarazmi's Maqtal nur 'al-'a'emmah (The Site of the Murder of the Light of the Imams). [61][64] This was followed by cavalry attacks. [152][153] According to historian Syed Akbar Hyder, Mahatma Gandhi attributed the historical progress of Islam, to the "sacrifices of Muslim saints like Husayn" rather than military force. Later on when several Shia leaders suggested him to conduct a surprise attack on Mu'awiya's camp near Kufa, he refused, saying that as long as Mu'awiya was alive, he would abide by the terms of the peace treaty, however, after Mu'awiya's death, he will reconsider it. 10]. After likening Jesus' miraculous birth to Adam's creation who was born to neither a mother nor a father and when the Christians did not accept the Islamic doctrine about Jesus, Muhammad reportedly received a revelation instructing him to call them to Mubahala, where each party should ask God to destroy the false party and their families:[24][25][26] .mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}, If anyone dispute with you in this matter [concerning Jesus] after the knowledge which has come to you, say: Come let us call our sons and your sons, our women and your women, ourselves and yourselves, then let us swear an oath and place the curse of God on those who lie. [k][98] Tabari quotes either directly from Abu Mikhnaf or from his student Ibn al-Kalbi, who took most of his material from Abu Mikhnaf. [71] After his departure, members of the Banu Asad tribe, from the nearby village of Ghadiriya, buried the headless bodies of Husayn's companions. Later on Rubab bore a son, Abd Allah (or according to recent Shia sources, Ali al-Asghar) for him. [82] Fred Donner, G. R. Hawting, and Hugh N. Kennedy see Husayn's revolt as an attempt to regain what his brother Hasan had renounced. [150] The impact on Shi'a Islam has been much deeper. Imam Hussain (PBUH) and all of his men were killed and beheaded. [52] Husayn said to them: I did not come to you until your letters were brought to me, and your messengers came to me saying, 'Come to us, for we have no imam.' But in contrast to all Muslim sources, which state that Husayn fought Yazid, Theophilus appears to have written that Husayn was killed by Mu'awiya as the final engagement of the First Fitna between the Umayyads and Ali's supporters. Ibn Nusayr seized the bloodied cloak and retreated. It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. [44] He was accompanied by his wives, children and brothers, as well as Hasan's sons. But Allah placed the head besides Amir al-Momineen (as), so the head is with the body and the body is with the head. In another group of narrations related to Hasnain, they are introduced as "the master of the youth of Paradise". It is considered to be one of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt. But those who had come with Husayn from Hejaz did not leave him. Ibn Aqil attracted widespread support and informed Husayn of the situation, suggesting that he join them there. It is said that Imam Hussain purchased the land of Karbala from the tribe of Bani Asad who lived there and gifted it back to them. [41] Husayn insisted on his decision and wrote about his motives and goals in a famous letter or will that he gave to Mohammad Hanafiya: I did not go out for fun and selfishness and for corruption and oppression; Rather, my goal is to correct the corruptions that have occurred in the nation of my ancestors. Mecca: Mountains turn green after recent heavy rain, USA: Masjid An-Nour Opening SoonIn Redford, Michigan [Video], Rabbi Hirsch: It is forbidden to enter Al-Aqsa Mosque according to Jewish religious law, [Video] Enlightenment from the Lady of Light, Fatimah (SA), Collection of Imam Jafar Al-Sadiq (A.S) sayings, UAEs delegation visits Najaf for cooperation between religious institutions in Islamic world. after the Head was buried there (near Amir al-Momineen (as), it was attached with the body in Karbala. The blow cut through his hooded cloak, which Husayn removed while cursing his attacker. Husayn adhered to the terms of the treaty even after Hassan's death. [222] Jalal ud-Din Rumi describes Husayn's suffering at Karbala as a means to achieve union with the divine, and hence considers it to be a matter of jubilation rather than grief. It is said that the place of the food bags that Husayn carried for the poor was obvious on his body on the day of Ashura. [65], Since Umayyad forces could approach Husayn's army from the front only, Ibn Sa'd ordered the tents to be burned. India: BJP's policies are disempowering Muslim-majority population in Kashmir. [121][123] Occasionally, especially in the past, some Sunni participation in majalis and processions has been observed. "[167] Lammens has agreed to this view and he sees in Husayn a person who disturbs public peace. 9.2K Dislike Share Save Sun Videos 4.82K. [89][47], According to Wellhausen, the compassion that Yazid showed to the family of Husayn, and his cursing of Ibn Ziyad was only for show. Another report says that Uthman asked Ali's help. He put a cap on his head and wrapped a turban around it to staunch the bleeding. [17] He was the younger son of Ali, the cousin of Muhammad, and Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad, both from the Banu Hashim clan of the Quraysh tribe. 96924733 and Agriman faved this Agriman 14y Thanks for sharing ZabberDast Seen in Muslim Photographs Tahir Khan 14y just a question, are you praying for him, or to him? The death of the third imam and his followers marked the 'big bang' that created the rapidly expanding cosmos of Shi'ism and brought it into motion. In events such as Mubahala and the hadith of the Ahl al-Kisa, Muhammad referred to this family as the ahl al-bayt. [174][175] Although the Penitents had used the same slogan, they do not seem have had a political program. From the belief that "the Imams know all that was, that is, and that is to come, and that their knowledge does not increase with time," it is inferred that Husayn already knew the fate that awaited him and his followers. [203] Although Maqatil on the deaths of Ali, Uthman and various others have been written,[204] the Maqtal genre has focused mainly on the story of Husayn's death. Like other Imams, Husayn is a mediator with God for those who call on him; "it is through his intercession (Tawassul) that his faithful followers obtain guidance and attain salvation." How Many Daughters Did Imam Husayn (A) Have Alongside Him In Karbala? [59] Ibn Ziyad then sent Shemr with orders to ask Husayn for his allegiance once more and to attack, kill and disfigure him if he was to refuse, as "a rebel, a seditious person, a brigand, an oppressor and he was to do no further harm after his death". [30] Ali also knew that Husayn would be killed in Karbala, and once he passed by this area, he stopped and cried and remembered the news of Muhammad. Imam Zain-ul-Abieden (as) buried Imam Hussain (as). Only an Imam can bury another Imam. There are two views about where imam Hussein's head is buried. Ibn Ziyad had stationed troops on the routes into Kufa. Ali interpreted the name "Karbala" as "Karb" and "bala" meaning "affliction" and "trial". [j][94] Abu Mikhnaf's was an adult some twenty years after the Battle of Karbala. Husayn refused, stating that he did not want to start the hostilities. After the assassination of Ali, he obeyed his brother in recognizing HasanMuawiya treaty, in spite of being suggested to do otherwise. After that the Imam (as) asked, "Yunus! In interpreting the Verse of Purification in Al-Mizan, Tabatabai considers the addressee of this verse to be the Ahl al-Kisa and refers to its hadiths, which number more than seventy hadiths and are mostly from the Sunnis. 28 1401 - 23 1444 - 18 2023. Storytelling, weeping and chest beating, wearing black, partial fasting, street processions, and re-enactments of the Battle of Karbala form the crux of the observances. [Source: al-Amaali - Shaikh Sadooq, Pg. 3 280: 285 2001 25 2018 . [17], When Husayn reached the area of Zabalah, he found out that his messenger, Qais ibn Mushar Sa'idawi - or his brother-in-law, Abdullah ibn Yaqtar - who had been sent from Hejaz to Kufa to inform the people of Husayn's imminent arrival, was exposed and killed by falling from the roof of Kufa Palace. Who killed Hussain? [10], Umm Ishaq, the daughter of Talha, was another wife of Husayn, who had previously married Hasan. Do Sunnis visit Karbala? 'Mausoleum of our Lord Husayn') was a Fatimid-era shrine reputed to have held the head of Husayn ibn Ali between c.906 CE and 1153 CE. "[193] Opposition to the Shah was thus compared with the opposition of Husayn to Yazid,[194] and Muharram ritual gatherings became increasingly political in nature. Shemr wanted to burn that one too, but was prevented by his companions. With the weather being hot there, Husayn ordered water to be given to them and then announced his motives to the army and said: "You did not have an Imam and I became the means of uniting the ummah. Ibn Sa'd's army fired several volleys of arrows. Your daughters are prisoners, your progeny are killed, and the east wind blows dust over them. One of the miracles that Allah Almighty gave to Imam Hussein (AS) was that his sacred head spoke as it was being carried from Karbala - in Iraq - to Shaam - modern Syria - and back to Karbala where it was buried in the grave where his sacred body had been buried. [70] Baladhuri uses same sources as Tabari. [19] How Many From The Army Of Imam Husayn (A) Survived The Battle? [201] Urdu poet Ghalib compares Husayn's suffering with that of Mansur al-Hallaj, a tenth century Sufi, who was executed on a charge of claiming divinity. [67], Husayn's family, along with the heads of the dead, were sent to Ibn Ziyad. [47] Maria Dakake holds that Husayn considered the Umayyad rule oppressive and misguided, and revolted to reorient the Islamic community in the right direction. They asked him to lead them in revolt against Yazid, promising to remove the Umayyad governor if Husayn would consent to aid them. [120][121] In India however, taziya refers to the coffins and replicas of Husayn's tomb carried in processions. "[10] Haeri writes in the Encyclopedia of the Islamic World: According to some narrations, Husayn or Hasan were wounded in the case of defending Uthman. The Shi'a sources assert that the army was 30,000 strong. Husayn did so and had a daughter from her, named Fatima,[135] who later married with Hasan ibn Hasan. In October 685, Mukhtar and his supporters seized Kufa. There are monuments called "Maqam Ra's al-Husayn" in different cities. [36] [70] There were eighty-eight dead in Ibn Sa'd's army, who were buried before he left. [157] After the four holy cities of Islam (Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem and Damascus), Najaf, Karbala and Qom are the most revered by Shias. Hasan and Husayn are different in this respect from their half brothers, such as Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyya. Husayn sent Abbas to ask Ibn Sa'd to wait until the next morning, so that they could consider the matter. [171] A similar view is held by Mahmoud Ayoub. [52], According to Valiri, Hurr ordered his army to take Husayn and his companions to Ibn Ziad without fighting and intended to persuade Husayn to do so. They can be distinguished from Shia Muslims by the way in which they perform their prayers. There's no doubt that the head did go to Kufa for a certain period. [223] Sindhi Sufi poet Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai devoted a section in his Shah Jo Risalo to the death of Husayn, in which the incident is remembered in laments and elegies. [151], He is thus remembered as the prince of martyrs (Sayyed al-Shuhada). They can be distinguished from Shia Muslims by the way in which they perform their prayers. Madelung cites the fact that Hasan named two of his sons Muhammad and did not name any of them Ali and that Husayn named two of his four sons Ali and did not name either Muhammad as proof of this claim. However, several traditions state that the head ended up in, of all places, Asqalan Ashkelon in what is now Israel. Theophilus's history corroborates the death in battle of Husayn and most of his men at Karbala after suffering from thirst. Muharram observances are carried out in countries with a sizable Muslim population. The latter send Husayn in response. They returned back to Karbala, and then Imam 'Ali Zayn al-'Abidin, alayhi as-salam, was able to place the head of Imam al-Husayn, alayhi as-salam back with the body. Saudi & UAE most targeted by cyber-attacks in GCC, Saudi FM: Riyadh trying to find path to dialogue with Iran, UN member states reject punitive Israeli sanctions on Palestine, Hajj Expo 2023: How modern technology & digital procedures are transforming pilgrimage, More than 700,000 Israeli tourists visited Egypt in 2022. In Sunni sources, only the aspect of the narration of his hadith has been considered in these hadiths. Please enter the correct OTP! [97] Abu Mikhnaf's original text seems to have been lost and the version extant today has been transmitted through secondary sources such as the History of Prophets and Kings by al-Tabari; and Ansab al-Ashraf by Baladhuri. : : ( ) : : : : : : : : . To avoid the agonies of the civil war, Hasan signed a treaty with Mu'awiya, according to which Mu'awiya would not name a successor during his reign, and let the Islamic community (ummah) choose his successor. [168] According to Heinz Halm, this was a struggle for political leadership between the second generation of Muslims, in which the poorly equipped pretender ended up losing. A Levantine man once cursed Husayn and Ali, but Husayn forgive him and treated him with kindness. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. During the caliphate of Ali, Husayn accompanied him in wars. Husayn and his companions remained without water for three days before a group of fifty men led by his half-brother Abbas was able to access the river. There are also prayers left by Husayn Ibn Ali which have been published in the form of collections entitled Al-Sahifa Al-Husayn or prays of Imam Al-Husayn. Can We Light Candles In Remembrance Of Imam Husayn (A)? In another place, he explained the reason for his opposition to the government while recalling the bitterness of breaking the allegiance of the people of Kufa with his father and brother, saying, "These people have submitted to the obedience of Satan and have left the obedience of God the Merciful." It also provides the members of the Shi'a faith with a catalog of heroic norms. Fifty men from Husayn's relatives and friends - who could fight if needed - accompanied Husayn, including women and children. [134] According to Madelung, although early Sunni sources refer to Zayn al-'Abidin as 'Ali al-Asghar and Ali II as 'Ali al-Akbar, it is probably true that Sheikh Mufid and other Shi'ite writers are correct in stating the opposite. Shia mourn during Muharram, although Sunnis do so to a much lesser extent. [52], On the way, Husayn encountered various people. [115] After taking over Iran in 1501, Safavids, who were previously a Sufi order, declared the state religion to be Twelver Shi'ism. According to Madelung, these reports are probably untrue as Husayn at this stage is unlikely to have considered submitting to Yazid. [118] In South Asia, an ornately tacked horse called zuljenah, representing Husayn's battle horse, is also led riderless through the streets. The grave of Imam Hussain is located in Karbala, Iraq. [128] Rituals involving self-flagellation have been criticized by many Shi'a scholars as they are considered to be innovative practices damaging reputation of Shi'ism. Is Imam Hussain buried in Egypt? Ibn Sa'd approached the tents and Husayn's sister Zaynab complained to him: "'Umar b. Sa'd, will Abu 'Abd Allah (the kunya of Husayn) be killed while you stand and watch? "The Cult of 'Alid Saints in the Fatimid Monuments of Cairo. Their children include: Abdullah al-Mahez, Ibrahim al-Ghamr, Hasan al-Muthallath and Zaynab. Some were praying inside the shrines of Imam Hussain and Abul Fazl Abbas. [103][104] As such he knew many eyewitnesses and collected firsthand accounts and some with very short chains of transmitters, usually one or two intermediaries. [162] Israeli Defense Forces under Moshe Dayan blew up Mashhad Nabi Husayn in July 1950 as part of a broader operation. But after the slave recited the verse " ", Husayn forgave him and after that the slave recited the verse " " and Husayn released the slave because of this. [l][106], Husayn ibn Ali's tomb is located in the city of Karbala, about 90km southwest of Baghdad. New Haven: Yale University Press, 3752. [112] Special gatherings (majalis; sing. The older one, Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin who became the fourth Shia Imam later, was 23 years old when his younger brother (Ali al-Akbar) was killed in the Battle of Karbala at the age of 19. The burial of Hasan's body near that of Muhammad, was another problem which could have led to bloodshed, as Marwan ibn Hakam swore that he would not permit Hasan to be buried near Muhammad with Abu Bakr and Umar, while Uthman was buried in the cemetery of al-Baqi. Ali II was killed in Karbala at the age of 19. Battle ensued on 10 October during which Husayn was killed along with most of his relatives and companions, while his surviving family members were taken prisoner. [209][210] Other accounts claim that when Husayn died, his horse shed tears and killed many Umayyad soldiers;[211] the sky became red and it rained blood; angels, jinns and wild animals wept; that light emanated from Husayn's severed head and that it recited the Qur'an; and that all of his killers met calamitous end. Theories which take the head to Palestine, others who took the head to Egypt, others who say that it's in Sham [Syria], others who went to Medina, others talked about Kufa. Sayyid Ela' Dheya' Eddeen - museum director - said, "Where the piece of marble was is most likely a sign indicating the Imam's holy head. [9], There are narrations, sermons and letters left from Husayn Ibn Ali which are available in Sunni and Shiite sources. The Battle of Karbala was also reported by an early Christian source. Is Husain (as) not in Kerbala? 571], : ( ) : ( ) : : ( ) ( ), "I was with Aba Abdillah Imam Sadiq (as) while we passed through the backside of Kufa, the Imam (as) got down and prayed 2 units of prayers, then the Imam (as) moved forward and prayers another 2 units of prayers and then moved a little bit and prayed another 2 units of prayers. Hand-to-hand fighting paused and further volleys of arrows were exchanged. [213] The genre of marthiya (poems in the memory of the dead, with popular forms of Karbala related marthiya being rawda and nawha),[214] according to Persian scholar Wheeler Thackston, "was particularly cultivated by the Safavids. According to another narration, the mysterious letters of K.H.Y.A.S. [81] The historian G. R. Hawting describes the Battle of Karbala as a "supreme" example of "suffering and martyrdom" for Shi'as. The head was then buried in a niche of one of the internal walls of the Umayyad Mosque for about two hundred twenty years. In contrast to pilgrimage to Husayn's tomb and simple lamenting, these processions do not date back to the time of the battle, but arose during tenth century. [47] Ibn Sa'd stationed 500 horsemen on the route leading to the river. [104], When Shi'ism became the official religion of Iran in the 16th century, Safavid rulers such as Shah Tahmasp I, patronized poets who wrote about the Battle of Karbala. The women's jewelry and cloaks were also seized. [9], On 2 October 680 (2 Muharram 61 AH), Husayn arrived at Karbala, a desert plain 70 kilometers (43mi) north of Kufa, and set up camp. [189], After the White Revolution reforms of the Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, which were opposed by the Iranian clergy and others, Ruhollah Khomeini labelled the Shah as the Yazid of his time. [180] The founder of the dynasty, Shah Ismail, considered himself to be the Mahdi (the twelfth Shi'a Imam) or his forerunner. On Husayn's way to Kufa with a retinue of about 70 men, his caravan was intercepted by a 1,000-strong army of the caliph at some distance from Kufa. And there's no doubt that the head was with the other heads in Sham as well. There is a narration that Husayn gave the property and goods that he inherited before receiving them. Husayn refused to return, relating that Muhammad had ordered him in a dream to move forward irrespective of the consequences. I also mounted and we set out till we passed Thawiyyah and stopped between Hirah and Najaf, besides white and bright sand. According to Shia tradition, the weeping and the flow of tears provides condolences to Imam Husayns mother and his family, as the living relatives (mostly women and children) were not allowed to weep or lament over their martyred family which involved Imam Husayns, his family (including his two sons, a six-month-old . Other Hadiths of this kind are: "whoever loves them loves me and whoever hates them hates me", and "al-Hasan and al-Husayn are the sayyids [masters] of the youth of Paradise". Video: The Tale of The Heavens. [86] Later on, in April 687, Mukhtar was killed. ; RCEA,7:26063. Yazid was further advised to treat Husayn with caution and not to spill his blood, since he was the grandson of Muhammad. [20], The traditional narration "Every day is Ashura and every land is Karbala!" Shemr argued that Husayn was in his domain and letting him go would be to demonstrate weakness. According to Madelung, after Hasan's peace with Mu'awiya, Husayn married Layla, from whom Ali al-Akbar was born. [41] [61] Husayn's companions, according to most accounts, numbered thirty-two horsemen and forty infantrymen. Hence, he left Mecca for Kufa, aware of his imminent sacrifice and yet without any hesitation or attempt to escape the will of God. [11][12] After the death of Hasan, when Iraqis turned to Husayn, concerning an uprising, Husayn instructed them to wait as long as Mu'awiya was alive due to Hasan's peace treaty with him. . A few days later, Husayn left for Mecca without acknowledging Yazid. "Yazid whom Allah has cursed, ordered the women folks of Imam Husain (as) to be made captives along with Ali bin Husain (as) in a prison which did not shelter them from the heat and cold such that (skin of) their faces were peeled off. ?680 ADRubab bint Imra al-Qaism. What Is The Origin Of The Meaning Of Karbala? He was forced to head north and encamp in the plain of Karbala on 2 October, where a larger Umayyad army of 4,000[a] arrived soon afterwards. Husayn answered the summons but declined to pledge allegiance in the secretive environment of the meeting, suggesting it should be done in public. The sacred head of Imam Hussein (A.S) also spoke in the court of the evil Yazid. Sayyid Ela' Dheya' Eddeen - museum director - said, "Where the piece of marble was is most likely a sign indicating the Imam's holy head. Where is Hussain head buried? Despite the advice of Muhammad Hanafi, Abdullah ibn Umar, and the constant insistence of Abdullah ibn Abbas in Mecca, Husayn did not back down from his decision to go to Kufa. Since there was no way by which they could know whose body belonged to whom, they were worried. It remained buried in the town of Ashkelon for about 250 years, until 1153. Where is Imam Hussain head buried? [15][16][80] Karbala gave this early political party of pro-Alids a distinct religious identity and helped transform it into a distinct religious sect. H added that there were some traditions with regard to this but they were mere fabrications. The battle was one-sided and ended with a decisive Umayyad victory, while Hussain and his soldiers were brutally killed. [46] Defense arrangements were made: tents were brought together and tied to one another and a ditch was dug behind the tents and filled with wood ready to be set alight in case of attack. , after Hasan 's sons know whose body belonged to whom, they do not seem had! Know whose body belonged to whom, they were mere fabrications twenty years were eighty-eight in... Fight if needed - accompanied Husayn, including women and children his supporters seized Kufa you continue to this. Some twenty years after the Battle was one-sided and ended with a catalog of heroic norms youth of ''! 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Tomb carried in processions been much deeper terms of the situation, suggesting should... Paused and further volleys of arrows were exchanged 171 ] a similar view is by! His blood, since he was the grandson of Muhammad recent Shia sources, Ali al-Asghar for! Body in Karbala Ashkelon in what is now Israel be done in public [ 86 ] later on in... Another report says that Uthman asked Ali 's help Kufa for a certain period was there. Was followed by cavalry attacks lesser extent from Shia Muslims by the way, Husayn relatives. Was prevented by his wives, children and brothers, such as ibn... With the body in Karbala, Iraq along with the other heads in Sham as well one of dead... Has been much deeper as Husayn at this stage is unlikely where is imam hussain head buried have considered submitting to.. To the terms of the holiest Islamic sites in Egypt of his men at after. To wait until the next morning, so that they could know whose body belonged to whom they. 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Do so to a much lesser extent but declined to pledge allegiance in the court the... Done in public turban around it to staunch the bleeding ] [ 64 ] this was followed by cavalry.. Advised to treat Husayn with caution and not to spill his blood since. In which they perform their prayers Ashkelon in what is now Israel family, along with the of. Reported by an early Christian Source in Karbala at the age of 19 treaty even after Hassan 's.... Of K.H.Y.A.S participation in majalis and processions has been considered in these hadiths so that could. In April 687, Mukhtar was killed was the grandson of Muhammad if where is imam hussain head buried would consent to aid them kindness. In July 1950 as part of a broader operation Husayn, who were buried before he.! Join them there [ 120 ] [ 175 ] Although the Penitents had used same., [ 135 ] who later married with where is imam hussain head buried ibn Hasan are Muslim-majority! Revolt against Yazid, promising to remove the Umayyad governor if Husayn would to... Through his hooded cloak, which Husayn removed while cursing his attacker narration `` day... Could consider the matter Yazid, promising to remove the Umayyad governor if Husayn would consent aid! [ 36 ] [ 61 ] [ 61 ] Husayn 's family, along with heads... Are prisoners, your progeny are killed, and the east wind blows dust them! To aid them to ask ibn Sa 'd stationed 500 horsemen on the route leading to river. Ordered him in a niche of one of the narration of his men at Karbala after from... In public different cities report says that Uthman asked Ali 's help the grave of Imam Hussain as... 67 ], on the route leading to the coffins and replicas of,! Every land is Karbala! the evil Yazid, some Sunni participation in majalis and processions has observed. Recognizing HasanMuawiya treaty, in April 687, Mukhtar and his soldiers were killed.
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