During its first Venus flyby, no scientific observations were made since Venus was at superior conjunction, placing it on the opposite side of the sun from Earth, which resulted in a two-week radio contact blackout between the spacecraft and its operators. After data from the GRACE satellites in the first-ever gravity survey of the entire Antarctic ice sheet showed that the ice loss in Antarctica increased by 75 percent in the last 10 years due to a speed-up in the flow of its glaciers and is now nearly as great as that observed in Greenland, in 2007 the GRACE mission received the prestigious William T. Pecora Award for outstanding contributions toward understanding the Earth through remote sensing from the U.S. Department of the Interior and NASA. The existence of an invisible substance as the source of additional gravity that holds together galaxy clusters has long been suspected. Their data confirmed the existence of giant magnetic ropes and witnessed small explosions in the outskirts of Earth's magnetic field. NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day 17 January 2023: Andromeda Galaxy is simply riveting. The three 30-centimeter-wide (12-inch) ion thrusters provide less power than conventional engines but can maintain thrust for months at a time. The largest dark feature measures at least 100,000 square kilometers (39,000 square miles), but since the radar has caught only a portion of each of these features, only their minimum size is known. The non-US/non-Russian partnership of Boeing, RSC-Energia (Russia, 25% share), NPO Yushnoye (Ukraine) and Kvaerner Group (Norway) launched one Russian Zenit 3SL (SeaLaunch) rocket carrying the NSS-8 (New Skies 8), the eighth comsat in a series intended to provide global coverage at C-band. WMAP data suggest, with greater than 99.5% confidence, the existence of the cosmic neutrino background - the first time this evidence has been gleaned from the cosmic microwaves. ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite), also an Earth Observing System (EOS) spacecraft, is the benchmark mission for measuring ice sheet mass balance, cloud and aerosol heights, as well as land topography and vegetation characteristics. Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. After another launch delay early in 2007 due to hail storm damage to the shuttle Atlantis on the launch pad, flights resumed in June to continue ISS construction assembly at a brisk rate. The AIM (Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere) satellite mission was launched on April 25 from Vandenberg Air Force Base (VAFB), Calif., on a Pegasus-XL launch vehicle to its orbit 600 km (373 miles) above Earth. These two icons of the Asteroid Belt have been witness to much of our solar system's history. GLAS sends short pulses of green and infrared light though the sky 40 times a second, all over the globe, and collects the reflected laser light with a one-meter telescope, yielding elevations. NASA Earth Observatory images by Joshua Stevens, using Landsat data from the U.S. Geological Survey and MODIS data from NASA EOSDIS LANCE and GIBS/Worldview. The Chandra X-ray Observatory in 2007 also located an exceptionally massive black hole in orbit around a huge companion star, with intriguing implications for the evolution and ultimate fate of massive stars. NASA Astronomy Picture of the Day 17 January 2023: Andromeda Galaxy is simply riveting. In another discovery, astronomers have unmasked hundreds of black holes hiding deep inside dusty galaxies billions of light-years away. After lifting off on a Delta-2 launch vehicle at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida on September 27 at 7:34am EDT, NASAs Dawn spacecraft began a 4.8-billion-kilometer (3-billion-mile) odyssey deep in to the Asteroid Belt, including exploration of asteroid Vesta in 2011 and the dwarf planet Ceres in 2015. Working like a cuff link, the wire was fed by Parazynski through a hole on the solar array to repair the tear successfully, allowing the full unfurling of the array and restoring full power generation for the station. As a result, GOES provide a constant vigil for the atmospheric "triggers" for severe weather conditions such as tornadoes, flash floods, hail storms, and hurricanes. The rovers can communicate directly with Earth when Odyssey is unavailable for relay. They have provided a broad, beautiful picture, showing how humans have shaped the planet and lit up the darkness. Plasma burps from the Sun called coronal mass ejections (CMEs) temporarily push the boundary outwards, for example, so that it washes back and forth over the spacecraft like a wave on the beach. In 2007, the Operationally Responsive Space (ORS) Office, called for by the U.S. Congress in 2006, was created under the Dept. The main event in 2007 for NASAs Mars program was the launch of yet another unmanned exploration probe, Phoenix, to the Red Planet, joining five other spacecraft currently studying Mars: Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, Mars Express, Mars Odyssey, and two Mars Exploration Rovers. Entering a highly elliptical orbit around the poles of the Red Planet, it began to change orbit parameters by aerobraking, reducing its ellipticity to a circular orbit at 400 km by end of January 2002. The Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation (SECCHI) instrument onboard the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO . Science Data are downlinked using an X-band transmitter system which is part of the payload. Phoenix also uses two instruments delivered for the '01 lander that have been in protected storage: the MECA (Microscopy, Electrochemistry, and Conductivity Analyzer), and MARDI (Mars Descent Imager). Since its launch, it has provided the first global-scale view of the clouds over the entire 2007 Northern Hemisphere season with an unprecedented resolution of 5 km by 5 km and is nearing completion of observations in the Southern Hemisphere season. This allows making detailed measurements of Earth's gravity field, which will lead to discoveries about gravity and Earth's natural systems with possibly far-reaching benefits to society and the world's population. By combining how far it has moved across the sky with its distance from Earth, astronomers determined the neutron star is moving at over 3 million miles per hour. There were also two dual-use (civil & miltary) earth observation satellites launched on US Delta-2 rockets: COSMO-Skymed-1 (Constellation of Small satellites for Mediterranean basin observation) and COSMO-Skymed-2 for the Italian Space Agency (ASI). By end-2007, the twin Mars rovers were 46 months into missions originally planned to last three months. Also in 2007, GALEX spotted an amazingly long comet-like tail behind a star streaking through space at supersonic speeds. being swept away from the Sun by the Formerly known as SIRTF (Space Infrared Telescope Facility) and launched on August 24, 2003, the Spitzer Space Telescope is the fourth and final element in NASA's family of Great Observatories and represents an important scientific and technical bridge to NASA's Astronomical Search for Origins program. A third major finding arising from the new WMAP data places tight constraints on the astonishing burst of growth in the first trillionth of a second of the universe, called inflation, when ripples in the very fabric of space may have been created. Scan by NASA Johnson. Not a good sign for NASA EDGE, but a small window of opportunity for the competition. In July, NASA signed a $1.2 billion sole-source contract with Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne for the development of the J-2X engines that will power the upper stage of the Ares I crew launch vehicle and Ares V, its heavy-lift follow-on. Two funded agreements were furthermore signed with SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies) and Rocketplane Kistler (RPK) for demonstrations under the COTS competition. Among its findings are some of the weirdest landscapes on Mars as well as more familiar-looking parts of the Red Planet: One type of landscape near its south pole is called "cryptic terrain" because it once defied explanation, but new observations bolster and refine recent interpretations of how springtime outbursts of carbon-dioxide gas there sculpt intricate patterns and paint seasonal splotches. Later, GOES-N is aimed at becoming the primary U.S. hurricane-monitoring spacecraft. The '01 lander has undergone modifications to improve the spacecraft's robustness and safety during entry, descent, and landing. Moving west to east (left to right) across the composited time-lapse image China's Tiangong Space Station traced the upper trail captured more than an hour before the local sunrise.". SpaceX's Falcon Heavy rocket has lifted off for its fifth mission in history from NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida on Sunday (Jan. 15), lofting into orbit a secret payload by the U.S. military. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. During the year, when Odyssey reported that a power processing component of the backup, or "B-side," systems had stopped working, engineers examined whether onboard backup systems never used by the 6-year-old spacecraft could still be available if needed: the component, the high-efficiency power supply, has a twin that is continuing to serve the "A-side" hardware, which is operating normally. At KSC in Florida workers erected a new lightning protection system at the Constellation launch pad, 39-B. A new test stand for rocket engines is being built at NASA's Stennis Space Center (SSC) in Mississippi. This makes M33 X-7 the most massive stellar black hole known. From the Mars Polar Lander, which failed to return data upon its arrival at Mars' antarctic region on December 3, 1999, Phoenix uses three instruments, the SSI (Surface Stereo Imager), the RA, and the TEGA (Thermal and Evolved Gas Analyzer). By end-2007, data analysis was still underway, and an agreement was reached with NASA to extend the data analysis phase through September 2008 and probably beyond. The images showed a surface that is heavily cratered, along with the mountain ridge that runs along the moon's equator. During 2007, Phoenix coasted in its cruise phase, which lasts for approximately 10 months. Shockingly, these arcs were only . Both Voyagers are still working, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. NASA.gov brings you the latest images, videos and news from America's space agency. There were eight successful military space launches (2006: 7; 2005: 6; 2004: 5; 2003: 11), carrying 15 payloads: one heavy Delta-4M vehicle, launching a DSP-23 early warning satellite, two Delta-2 launchers carrying two new GPS IIR navigation satellites (-17/M4 & -18/M5), four Atlas-5 rockets, one with eight individual payloads (mostly nanosatellites), two with classified NROL surveillance satellites plus one with the WGS, and one OSC Minotaur launcher with an experimental satellite (NFIRE). They had been too fast for earlier instruments to catch. These images are among thousands gathered meanwhile by GALEX. STEREO (Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory) is the third mission in NASA's Solar Terrestrial Probes program (STP). Swift has become a key tool not only in studies of GRBs, but also in studying galaxies, quasars, supernova, novae, black holes and neutron stars in our Galaxy, along with active stars, and even comets. CALIPSO provides the next generation of climate observations, including an advanced study of clouds and aerosols, drastically improving our ability to predict climate change and to study the air we breathe. The resulting document, "The Global Exploration Strategy: The Framework for Coordination," (see link, below) reflects a shared vision of space exploration focused on solar system destinations where humans may someday live and work. Bonjour: la Station Spatiale Internationale sera visible l'il nu aujourd'hui (dans un ciel sans nuage) 18h40 partout . The spacecraft successfully entered orbit around Saturn on June 30, 2004. Four EVAs were conducted by Mastracchio, Williams and Exp. Nasa has collated Hubble's images, and selected one for each day of the year, so you can find one to match with your birthday By Jaymi McCann February 18, 2022 7:55 am (Updated February 18, 2022 . Work progressed on the development of two major satellite contracts in 2008,- for the GPS 3 navigation satellites and the T-Sat (Transformational Satellite) Communications System. The ninth launch, a failure, was the second Falcon-1 rocket from SpaceX, with an USAF Demo payload. On their way out to and back from apogee each orbit, the spacecraft routinely cross the outer boundary of the Earth's magnetic field and a shock wave that stands upstream from this boundary. The mean inter-satellite separation is usually bound between 170 and 270 km, but the closer mean separation is expected to enhance the high-frequency signal content in the K-band range measurements. Georgia, is seen on January 20, 2013, in this image from the International Space Station as it flew approximately 240 . It is the result of what happened earlier, and a backlight for the later development of the universe. The spacecraft scanned the popular star during its ongoing survey of the entire sky in UV light. New Horizons passed Jupiter on Febrary 28, riding the planets gravity to boost its speed and shave three years off its trip to Pluto. Michael King, EOS Senior Project Scientist. Phoenix will be the first mission to touch the planet's water-ice. The 6800-lbs (3100-kg) spacecraft was launched on April 20, 2004, on a Delta-2 rocket. altitude and 98.73 degrees inclination. The CloudSat Data Processing Center has distributed over 1,500,000 product files, totaling 100 terabytes of data to scientists in 47 different countries. The swap was done to mitigate the risk of loss of thermal control over the K-band antenna horn (and subsequent spurious K-band range signal) due to atomic oxygen exposure. It represents an important step in an evolving process toward a comprehensive global approach. A handful of fires in the Bo-Bo region of Chile were detected by the MODIS on NASAs Aqua satellite on January 13, 2007. Also in 2007, Space Telescope Science Institute (STSI) in Baltimore, the science operations center for Hubble, entered a partnership with Google, to produce Sky in Google Earth, a new feature of the newest version of Google Earth, available free of charge. On its way to the surface, those photons or particles of light bounce off clouds, aerosols, ice, leaves, ocean, land and more providing detailed information on the vertical structure of the earth system. The comet - formally . After undocking on 8/19 (7:57am EDT), Endeavour landed on Runway 15 at KSC at 12:32 pm on the first opportunity after deorbit. The scientists combined atmospheric models with actual measurements of ozone, carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide in Earth's lower atmosphere. A service of: of Defense Executive Agent for Space. A few days later, spacecraft and instruments were brought back to normal operations. The radar imaged several very dark features near Titan's north pole, much larger than similar features seen before on Titan. It is not clear which spacecraft will be first, even though Voyager 1 is about 20 AU farther from the Sun than its sister spacecraft. In 2007, the U.S. launched eight civil science spacecraft (one less than in the previous year): THEMIS 1, THEMIS 2, THEMIS 3, THEMIS 4, THEMIS 5, AIM, Phoenix, and Dawn. 16. Closer to home, Hubble discovered that massive Jupiter is undergoing dramatic atmospheric changes that have never been seen before: Jupiter's turbulent clouds are always changing as they encounter atmospheric disturbances while sweeping around the planet at hundreds of miles per hour. However, in radio and X-ray images, two additional spiral arms dominate the picture, appearing as ghostly apparitions between the main arms. Hatches were open at 5:04pm, and the new crew was welcomed aboard the ISS and given the mandatory safety briefing (5:25pm). All major contracts for the Ares I rocket were awarded in 2007. Launched on August 4 on a Delta-2 from Florida, the Phoenix Mars mission is the first in NASA's Scout Program. Launch activities in the United States in 2007 showed a robust increase from the previous year. Traveling at a speed of about one million miles per day, Voyager 1 could cross into interstellar space within the next 10 years. One focus concerns plans for shifting the advanced technology base toward space in order to continue building a new foundation for more integrated air and space operations in the 21st century as space is becoming increasingly dominant in military reconnaissance, communications, warning, navigation, missile defense and weather-related areas. Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system and is about 50 percent larger than Earth's moon. Aura (Latin for breeze), launched from Vandenberg AFB on July 15, 2004, on a Delta-2 rocket, is NASAs third major Earth Observing System (EOS) platform, joining its sister satellites Terra and Aqua, to provide global data on the state of the atmosphere, land, and oceans, as well as their interactions with solar radiation and each other. january 31 2007 nasa picture. CALIPSO was launched into orbit around the Earth along with CloudSat as part of the "A-train," a constellation of Earth observing satellites. 1976 - CTS launch. One or the other of the spacecraft will become the first probe to reach interstellar space after a travel period scientists estimate to be about 7-10 years long. By combining data from Chandra and the Gemini telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, the mass of the black hole, known as M33 X-7, was determined to be 15.7 times that of the Sun. At end-2007, after almost four times its expected mission lifetime, the venerabvle spacecraft was approaching the end of its operations. Hubble Views a Young and Dynamic Elliptical Galaxy. Observations include information about Earth radiation, sea and land surface temperature, atmospheric vertical temperature, water vapor, and ozone profiles in the troposphere and stratosphere. Altitude 1634 miles (2631 km) Speed. Discovery docked on 10/25 at 8:40am EDT, smoothly flown by Pam Melroy & George Zambo Zamka. Shuttle Discovery launched on October 23 (11:38am EDT) on ISS Mission 10A, the 23rd assembly flight, with the crew of Commander Pamela Melroy, Pilot George Zamka and Mission Specialists Scott Parazynski, Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson, Paolo Nespoli (ESA/Italy), and FE Daniel Tani who replaced Clay Anderson als ISS Flight Engineer for Exp. As evening twilight ends at 6:31 p.m. EST, the Moon will appear about 7 degrees above the west-southwestern horizon. As of February 2, 2022, Hubble is located about 340 miles (547 km) above Earth's surface, where it completes 15 orbits per day, according to Nasa. RElations Observatory (STEREO) satellite had just opened up Image of the Day Atmosphere Heat Land Water Human Presence Remote Sensing. Its differential radiometers measure, with unprecedented accuracy, the temperature fluctuations of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). Privacy Policy and Important Notices Abus Vallis is on the left and is 66 km long (41 miles). In 2005, almost 90 years after Albert Einstein first postulated his GR and after GP-B orbited Earth for more than 17 months, scientists finished collecting data. Nothing like this has ever been seen before around a star. Its telescope has a basic design similar to the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), but while HST views the sky in exquisite detail in a narrow field of view - like a grain of sand held at arm's length - GALEX is tailored to view hundreds of galaxies in each observation. Get the latest updates on NASA missions, watch NASA TV live, and learn about our quest to reveal the unknown and benefit all humankind. Source: USGS The Landsat Data Policy document establishes Landsat Program Management Policy for distributing products derived from Landsat data collected by the U.S. since 1972. In addition to enabling the missions core business - providing the first survey of the solar wind in four dimensions (three spatial dimensions and time) - this combination has enabled scientists to make many groundbreaking discoveries, some in areas that were not even imagined when the mission was first planned. As slight as that might seem, over the course of the mission the total change in velocity from ion propulsion will be comparable to the push provided by the Delta-2 rocket that carried it into space - all nine solid-fuel boosters, plus the Delta's first, second and third stages. HST, however, found young white dwarfs residing at the edge of NGC 6397, which is about 11.5 billion years old. Gravity Probe-B (GP-B) was a NASA mission to test two predictions of Albert Einstein's theory of General Relativity (GR) using four spherical gyroscopes and a telescope, housed in a satellite orbiting 642 km (400 mi) above the Earth, measuring in a new way and with unprecedented accuracy two extraordinary effects predicted by the General Theory of Relativity (the second having never before been directly measured): (a) The geodetic effect - the amount by which the Earth warps the local spacetime in which it resides, (b) the frame-dragging effect - the amount by which the rotating Earth drags its local spacetime around with it. The star, named Mira after the Latin word for "wonderful," has been a favorite of astronomers for about 400 years. CloudSat will complete its 22-month prime mission in 2008 (February 27), possibly to go into an extended mission phase. Of the 19 total launch attempts by the United States in 2007 (23 in 2006, 16 in 2005, 19 in 2004, 26 in 2003), only one (5.3%) was a commercial mission (NASA/civil: 9; military: 9): a Delta-2 rocket with the Worldview-1 imaging satellite, the worlds only commercial satellite with a half-meter image resolution. CloudSat is an experimental mission conducted jointly by NASA and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) to study the effects of clouds on climate and weather with capabilities 1,000 times more sensitive than typical weather radar, using millimeter-wavelength radar to measure the altitude and properties of clouds. Titan is the second largest moon in the solar system and is about 50 percent larger than Earth's moon. One of the many diplomatic gifts presented to the Queen was a poster commemorating John Smith's voyage of discovery in 1607 using data from Landsat 7, MODIS, and EO-1. The new observations collected from CloudSat combined with other A-Train observations are beginning to shed new understanding on important climate processes, in particular about (1) cloud changes in the polar regions, and the effects of these changes on the energy balance of the Arctic, their relation to weather changes and their role in sea ice change, (2) how frequently clouds rain and how much rain falls over the global oceans - thus offering insight into processes critical to the cycling of fresh water, and (3) how properties of clouds AND precipitation together change with increasing aerosol, thus offering new insights into how aerosol might indirectly affect climate. Astronomers used Chandra to observe a neutron star, known as RX J0822-4300, over a period of about five years. The smaller fires in the area around Los Angeles could be agricultural fires, but the larger, smoky fires are more likely to be natural or human-caused forest fires. 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