The two teams have faced each other in a World Series only once: in 1906, when the White Sox, known as the "Hitless Wonders," defeated the Cubs, 42. These relationships have sought to promote economic, cultural, educational, and other ties. Of the city population, 26.2% were under the age of 18, 11.2% were from 18 to 24, 33.4% were from 25 to 44, 18.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.3% 65 years of age or older. Jackson Park offers more than 500 acres of mature parkland along the lakefront, containing flower gardens, watercourses to wooded isles, sports facilities, stocked fish ponds, 18 miles of walking and biking pathsand it's the future site of the Barack Obama Presidential Center. Chase Bank has its commercial and retail banking headquarters in Chicago's Chase Tower. [44] These issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage. The Midwestern University Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine is in Downers Grove. Religion Census is the most extensive count of congregations ever conducted. These include the Chicago Picasso, We Will by Richard Hunt, Mir's Chicago, Flamingo and Flying Dragon by Alexander Calder, Agora by Magdalena Abakanowicz, Monument with Standing Beast by Jean Dubuffet, Batcolumn by Claes Oldenburg, Cloud Gate by Anish Kapoor, Crown Fountain by Jaume Plensa, and the Four Seasons mosaic by Marc Chagall. In the summer of 2016, Navy Pier constructed a DW60 Ferris wheel. [339] The program started on June 15 with 10 different scooter companies, including scooter sharing market leaders Bird, Jump, Lime and Lyft. 2005: The Chicago White Sox win the World Series and break 88-year title drought, 2010: Chicago Blackhawks win Stanley Cup Championship, 2012: Chicago Red Stars win National Women's Open, 2013: Chicago Blackhawks win Stanley Cup Championship, 2015: Chicago Blackhawks win Stanley Cup Championship, 2016: The Chicago Cubs win World Series; break 108-year title drought and broke the Curse of the Billy Goat. The Maxwell Street Polish is a grilled or deep-fried kielbasaon a hot dog roll, topped with grilled onions, yellow mustard, and hot sport peppers. [75] Chicago was the location of the infamous St. Valentine's Day Massacre in 1929, when Al Capone sent men to gun down members of a rival gang, North Side, led by Bugs Moran. Chicago is also featured in a few video games, including Watch Dogs and Midtown Madness, a real-life, car-driving simulation game. [193] Academically, Chicago has been influential through the Chicago school of economics, which fielded some 12 Nobel Prize winners. frequency feeling a sense of wonder about the universe by metro area, Learn More: frequency of feeling wonder about the universe, At least once a week, Once or twice a month, Several times a year, Seldom/never, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they look tomost for guidance on right and wrong, Compare: [176], According to a 2014 study by the Pew Research Center, Christianity is the most prevalently practiced religion in Chicago (71%),[178] with the city being the fourth-most religious metropolis in the United States after Dallas, Atlanta and Houston. They largely clustered in Jefferson Park on the city's Northwest Side, coming to the area mostly between the years 19071920. But all three will vote for a turkey. [citation needed], Lincoln Park contains the Lincoln Park Zoo and the Lincoln Park Conservatory. As of the 2010 Census, Chicago has the third-largest Puerto Rican population in the continental United States,[26] after New York City and Philadelphia, and the fourth largest Mexican population in the United States after Los Angeles, San Antonio, and Houston. English is the primary language of the city, and Christianity account as the predominant faith. [276] The council takes official action through the passage of ordinances and resolutions and approves the city budget.[277]. Chicago has one of the largest concentrations of Italian Americans in the US, with more than 500,000 living in the metropolitan area. Anarchist and socialist groups played prominent roles in creating very large and highly organized labor actions. [36], As the site of the Chicago Portage,[37] the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. [349] Both O'Hare and Midway are owned and operated by the City of Chicago. In 2016, the population of Hispanics exceeded that of Blacks to become Chicago's largest minority group with non-Hispanic Whites representing 32.6% of the population, Hispanics at 29.7% of the population, and Blacks at 29.3% of the population. Sign up to receive updates. [268] The building of the boulevard system continued intermittently until 1942. Although their numbers dropped because of reduced emigration from Germany and because World War I had made it unpopular to acknowledge one's German heritage, 22 percent of Chicago's population still did so in 1920. Chicago is a major transportation hub in the United States. The observation deck includes an enclosed glass balcony that extends 4.3 feet (1.3m) out on the side of the building. Chicago has one of the largest LGBTQ+ populations in the United States. [citation needed], The government of the City of Chicago is divided into executive and legislative branches. [191] Chicago was the base of commercial operations for industrialists John Crerar, John Whitfield Bunn, Richard Teller Crane, Marshall Field, John Farwell, Julius Rosenwald and many other commercial visionaries who laid the foundation for Midwestern and global industry. The Regional Transportation Authority (RTA) coordinates the operation of the three service boards: CTA, Metra, and Pace. A $95 million conversion of a former rail line to a 2.7-mile elevated park that extends through four vibrant, Chicago neighborhoods. ), Other Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad. Chicago nicknames or aliases (official or unofficial): Chi-Town, City in a Garden, The City of the Big Shoulders, The City . According to U.S. Census Bureau, 48.53 percent of the Chicago population is male and 51.47 percent are female. In northern Illinois, ComEd (a division of Exelon) operates the greatest number of nuclear generating plants in any US state. Chicago. [26], In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by the Potawatomi, a Native American tribe who had succeeded the Miami and Sauk and Fox peoples in this region. The Bears play their home games at Soldier Field. There were 1,152,868 housing units at an average density of 5,075.8 per square mile (1,959.8/km2). [281], Chicago's crime rate in 2020 was 3,926 per 100,000 people. [315], Chicago has a network of Lutheran schools,[316] and several private schools are run by other denominations and faiths, such as the Ida Crown Jewish Academy in West Ridge. Dutch Wheels, a world renowned company that manufactures ferris wheels, was selected to design the new wheel. The city rests on a continental divide at the site of the Chicago Portage, connecting the Mississippi River and the Great Lakes watersheds. A popular modification is the Comboan Italian beef sandwich with the addition of an Italian sausage. . [citation needed], More representational and portrait statuary includes a number of works by Lorado Taft (Fountain of Time, The Crusader, Eternal Silence, and the Heald Square Monument completed by Crunelle), French's Statue of the Republic, Edward Kemys's Lions, Saint-Gaudens's Abraham Lincoln: The Man (a.k.a. [101] The overall grade of the city's central, built-up areas is relatively consistent with the natural flatness of its overall natural geography, generally exhibiting only slight differentiation otherwise. In 1900, the problem of sewage contamination was largely resolved when the city completed a major engineering feat. Behind the pavilion's stage is the Harris Theater for Music and Dance, an indoor venue for mid-sized performing arts companies, including the Chicago Opera Theater and Music of the Baroque. Metropolitan statistics available for 236 Religious Groups, Religious Diversity explained and pictured with Religion Census Data, Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies (ASARB), The Association of Religion Data Archives (ARDA). With more than 370 religious bodies,over 350,000 congregations, and over 160 million adherents,the 2020 U.S. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Gender, ReligionsGeographyTopics & QuestionsUser Guide, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who say they, Compare: 236 faith groups were included in the 2010 edition. In each case, at least three-in-ten are evangelical Protestants (including 38% in Dallas). Tourists are able to look straight down. 1,112,581. Of the total population, 28.1% of those under the age of 18 and 15.5% of those 75 and older were living below the poverty line. This helps to keep pedestrians on the sidewalk further away from the street traffic. [169][170] Since the 2013 legalization of same-sex marriage in Illinois, over 10,000 same-sex couples have wed in Cook County, a majority of them in Chicago. Ten years later, he became the secretary and then the president of the first Illinois State Board of Health, which carried out most of its activities in Chicago.[64]. [321] Each of the big four U.S. television networks, CBS, ABC, NBC and Fox, directly owns and operates a high-definition television station in Chicago (WBBM 2, WLS 7, WMAQ 5 and WFLD 32, respectively). The Chicago Thanksgiving Parade is broadcast live nationally on WGN-TV and WGN America, featuring a variety of diverse acts from the community, marching bands from across the country, and is the only parade in the city to feature inflatable balloons every year. Christianity is predominant among the city's population who worship (71%). For these figures, anything under 0.25% displays as <0.3%. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. [263], Five area colleges play in DivisionI conferences: two from major conferencesthe DePaul Blue Demons (Big East Conference) and the Northwestern Wildcats (Big Ten Conference)and three from other D1 conferencesthe Chicago State Cougars (Western Athletic Conference); the Loyola Ramblers (Missouri Valley Conference); and the UIC Flames (Horizon League). While Christians make up between 65% and 75% of adults in most of those metro areas - and people with no religious affiliation generally make up roughly 20-25% of the population - some cities stand out for a variety of reasons. Richard Giraldi of the Chicago Sun-Times remarked on the significance of the label and wrote, "As important as Chess Records was to blues and soul music, Chicago's Wax Trax imprint was just as significant to the punk rock, new wave and industrial genres."[331]. [243] The appetizer, which consists of a square of fried cheese, is doused with Metaxa and flambed table-side. Below the poverty line were 19.6% of the population and 16.6% of the families. PRRI has been collecting and aggregating data on religious diversity in America continuously since 2013. In a normal summer, temperatures reach at least 90F (32C) on as many as 23days, with lakefront locations staying cooler when winds blow off the lake. [19] There are approximately 14,000 Ukrainians living within the Chicago city limits. In July 2013, the bicycle-sharing system Divvy was launched with 750 bikes and 75 docking stations[336] It is operated by Lyft for the Chicago Department of Transportation. It produced the first American publication for homosexuals, Friendship and Freedom. [199], Manufacturing, printing, publishing, and food processing also play major roles in the city's economy. Evangelical Protestantism form the largest theological Protestant branch (16%), followed by Mainline Protestants (11%), and historically Black churches (8%). The city is the United States' third-largest convention destination. Notably, industrial areas on the south side and neighborhoods lining both branches of the Chicago River were devastated; by 1933 over 50% of industrial jobs in the city had been lost, and unemployment rates amongst blacks and Mexicans in the city were over 40%. Domestic and industrial waste was once incinerated but it is now landfilled, mainly in the Calumet area. % of adults in the Chicago metro area who are, Compare: His accomplishments included improvements to parks and creating incentives for sustainable development, as well as closing Meigs Field in the middle of the night and destroying the runways. By 1930, two-thirds of Chicago's black population lived in sections of the city which were 90% black in racial composition. [343] Six of the seven Class I railroads meet in Chicago, with the exception being the Kansas City Southern Railway. The term "midway" for a fair or carnival referred originally to the Midway Plaisance, a strip of park land that still runs through the University of Chicago campus and connects the Washington and Jackson Parks. [250] These include from the time of the Great Chicago Fire to about 1900, what became known as the Chicago Literary Renaissance in the 1910s and early 1920s, and the period of the Great Depression through the 1940s. Chicago (/ko/ (listen) shih-KAH-goh, locally also /ko/ shih-KAW-goh;[6] Miami-Illinois: Shikaakwa; Ojibwe: Zhigaagong) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Illinois and the third most populous in the United States after New York City and Los Angeles. The undergraduate student body is split among 41 states (may include Washington D.C.). A 2017 study by Walk Score ranked Chicago the sixth-most walkable of fifty largest cities in the United States. [351], Electricity for most of northern Illinois is provided by Commonwealth Edison, also known as ComEd. Recently, the city began installing wind turbines on government buildings to promote renewable energy.[352][353][354]. ), Apostolic Pentecostal (Historically Black Protestant Trad. [143] The lowest official temperature of 27F (33C) was recorded on January 20, 1985, at O'Hare Airport. The unique sounds born in Chicago continue to resonate around the world. The 2015 year-end crime statistics showed there were 468 murders in Chicago in 2015 compared with 416 the year before, a 12.5% increase, as well as 2,900 shootings13% more than the year prior, and up 29% since 2013. As of the 2010 Census, 578,100 residents of the City of Chicago, had full or partial Mexican origins.[7]. The citizens of Chicago have not elected a Republican mayor since 1927, when William Thompson was voted into office. Buckingham Fountain anchors the downtown park along the lakefront. THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Spring 2016 Campus Climate Survey: Religion 5 Table 2: Religious Identity Groupings Use in Report Status Category Students Academics Staff Religious Affiliation Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Atheist 587 14% 163 16% 228 8% Christian 1,070 25% 214 21% 1,154 38% Jewish 238 6% 94 9% 87 3% Muslim 73 2% 6 1% 20 1% [355] Because of low participation in the blue bag programs, the city began a pilot program for blue bin recycling like other cities. [162][163][164][165], Chicago has the third-largest LGBT population in the United States. It is the seat of several dioceses. [234] The Chicago-style thin crust is also popular in the city. The mayor of Chicago is the chief executive, elected by general election for a term of four years, with no term limits. ), Eclectic, a bit of everything, "I have my own beliefs", Other in the "Unitarian and other liberal faiths" family, Sample sizes and margins of error vary from subgroup to subgroup, from year to year and from state to state. The city's ethnic diversity made communication, much less evangelization, difficult for native-born Protestant ministers. "[8] The Irish gained entry to Chicago's Fire and Police Departments and have kept family traditions of participation in these units. [346] CREATE, the Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency Program, comprises about 70 programs, including crossovers, overpasses and underpasses, that intend to significantly improve the speed of freight movements in the Chicago area.[347]. The accent remains well associated with the city. The city has major financial and futures exchanges, including the Chicago Stock Exchange, the Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE), and the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (the "Merc"), which is owned, along with the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) by Chicago's CME Group. In February 1856, Chicago's Common Council approved Chesbrough's plan to build the United States' first comprehensive sewerage system. Chicago is served by O'Hare International Airport, the world's busiest airport measured by airline operations,[348] on the far Northwest Side, and Midway International Airport on the Southwest Side. The Chicago Marathon is one of six World Marathon Majors. The entertainment and cultural magazine Time Out Chicago and GRAB magazine are also published in the city, as well as local music magazine Chicago Innerview. By 1935 the Workers Alliance of America begun organizing the poor, workers, the unemployed. [83], By the 1960s, white residents in several neighborhoods left the city for the suburban areas in many American cities, a process known as white flight as Blacks continued to move beyond the Black Belt. [340] Each company was allowed to bring 250 electric scooters, although both Bird and Lime claimed that they experienced a higher demand for their scooters. Ansari, Azadeh and Rosa Flores (January 2, 2017). The Blackhawks have won six Stanley Cups, including in 2010, 2013, and 2015. Israelis began coming to Chicago in the 1970s during a period of . These areas contribute famous skyscrapers, abundant restaurants, shopping, museums, a stadium for the Chicago Bears, convention facilities, parkland, and beaches. [2] The city's population peaked in the 1950 Census, although two of the three most recent Censuses as of 2022 have shown moderate growth. The aldermanic, mayoral, and other city offices are filled through nonpartisan elections with runoffs as needed. 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Count White 1 Hispanic 2 Black Asian Mixed 1 Other 1 32.3% 878k 28.7% 779k 30.9% 840k 6.1% 165k 1.6% 44.1k 0.3% 8,346. They have played more games and have more wins than any other team in Major League baseball since 1876. Chicago has the third most franchises in the four major North American sports leagues with five, behind the New York and Los Angeles Metropolitan Areas, and have six top-level professional sports clubs when including Chicago Fire FC of Major League Soccer (MLS). [261], The Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League (NHL) began play in 1926, and are one of the "Original Six" teams of the NHL. (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax The two parks themselves are connected by a wide strip of parkland called the Midway Plaisance, running adjacent to the University of Chicago. The per capita income for the city was $20,175. For other uses, see, 2021 United States Census Bureau American Community Survey estimates, Polish Highlanders Alliance of North America, "What Were the Largest Cities Throughout History? General Population Characteristics, 2020 East Gareld Park City of Chicago CMAP Region Total Population 19,992 2,746,388 8,577,735 Total Households 7,828 1,142,725 3,266,741 Average Household Size 2.5 2.4 2.6 Percent Population Change, 2010-20-2.8 1.9 1.7 Percent Population Change, 2000-20-4.3 -5.2 5.3 Source: 2000, 2010 and 2020 Census. The 1920s saw gangsters, including Al Capone, Dion O'Banion, Bugs Moran and Tony Accardo battle law enforcement and each other on the streets of Chicago during the Prohibition era. [54][55] During its rebuilding period, Chicago constructed the world's first skyscraper in 1885, using steel-skeleton construction.[56][57]. Chicago's demographic, cultural, and religious transformation at the turn of the century posed a number of challenges to this evangelical mission. The city is the site of an influential hip-hop scene, and it has launched new music and dance styles such as Chicago juke and footwork. [111], In the late-1920s, sociologists at the University of Chicago subdivided the city into 77 distinct community areas, which can further be subdivided into over 200 informally defined neighborhoods. Population estimates in 2008 put the number of people in the city proper at 2,853,114, while suburban populations continue to grow, with estimates at 9,785,747 for the combined city and suburbs. Lake Shore Drive runs adjacent to a large portion of Chicago's waterfront. The median income for a household in the city was $38,625, and the median income for a family was $42,724. About 18.3% of families and 22.1% of the population lived below the poverty line. To accommodate rapid population growth and demand for better sanitation, the city improved its infrastructure. Data from 372groups has arrived. Theatre-goers can choose from thousands of performances annually, featuring everything from Shakespeare to variety, in many languages. [citation needed], Chicago also hosts a nationally televised Thanksgiving parade that occurs annually. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. In the 1840s, Chicago became a major grain port, and in the 1850s and 1860s Chicago's pork and beef industry expanded. Rauch established a plan for Chicago's park system in 1866. [9] The Great Chicago Fire in 1871 destroyed several square miles and left more than 100,000 homeless,[10] but Chicago's population continued to grow to 503,000 by 1880 and then doubled to more than a million within the decade. [181][177] A 2020 study estimated the total Jewish population of the Chicago metropolitan area, both religious and irreligious, at 319,600. The proximity to Lake Michigan tends to keep the Chicago lakefront somewhat cooler in summer and less brutally cold in winter than inland parts of the city and suburbs away from the lake. [11][citation needed]. number of members in ethno-racial group. [222] A 2007 report on the Chicago music industry by the University of Chicago Cultural Policy Center ranked Chicago third among metropolitan U.S. areas in "size of music industry" and fourth among all U.S. cities in "number of concerts and performances". During its first century as a city, Chicago grew at a rate that ranked among the fastest growing in the world. The fountain's two towers display visual effects from LED images of Chicagoans' faces, along with water spouting from their lips. ", "Chicago, IL - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "History of the Chicago and Rockford Weather Observation Sites", "Chicago/O'Hare, IL Climate Normals 1961-1990", "Chicago, Illinois, USA Monthly weather forecast and Climate data", "Chicago Growth 18501990: Maps by Dennis McClendon", "It's official: Los Angeles ousts Chicago as No. belief in existence of standards for right and wrong by metro area, Learn More: belief in absolute standards for right and wrong, There are clear standards for what is right and wrong, Right or wrong depends on the situation, % of adults in the Chicago metro area who read scripture, Compare: A German wont vote for either of them. [319], William Rainey Harper, the first president of the University of Chicago, was instrumental in the creation of the junior college concept, establishing nearby Joliet Junior College as the first in the nation in 1901. Dew point temperatures in the summer range from an average of 55.7F (13.2C) in June to 61.7F (16.5C) in July. [14] The Southwest Side is home to the largest concentration of Gorals (Carpathian highlanders) outside Europe. He is commonly known as the "Founder of Chicago". Within sixty years of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, the population went from about 300,000 to over 3million,[157] and reached its highest ever recorded population of 3.6million for the 1950 census. Notable studios includeCinespaceStudios, the largest North American soundstage outside of L.A and Music Box Films, one of the leading distributors of foreign language films documentaries in the U.S. For film fans, theres the free Millennium Park Summer Film Series and film festivals year-round like the Chicago International Film Festival, the Latino, Black Harvest, Reeling (LGBTQ), Underground, Midwest Independent, and Childrens International film fest. Several private schools are completely secular, such as the Latin School of Chicago in the Near North Side neighborhood, the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools in Hyde Park, the British School of Chicago and the Francis W. Parker School in Lincoln Park, the Lyce Franais de Chicago in Uptown, the Feltre School in River North and the Morgan Park Academy. [332], The city of Chicago has a higher than average percentage of households without a car. Explore the data and maps. It is the third largest city and metropolitan area in the United States by population, and the city was home to over 2.7 million people in 2020, accounting for over 25% of the population in the Chicago metropolitan area; home to approximately 9.6 million. [186] The city has also been rated as having the most balanced economy in the United States, due to its high level of diversification.