This care plan sets out a clear explanation of the residents issue, and will quickly guide the nurse or carer through the process of preparing a comprehensive, individual person centred Care Plan. Pulmonary tuberculosis can induce a little patch of bronchopneumonia to diffuse severe inflammation, necrosis, pulmonary edema, and lung fibrosis. Finally, defining characteristics are signs and symptoms that allow for applying a specific diagnostic label. Observe the patient if the symptoms are getting worse or not getting better with therapy. Conclusion. Buy on Amazon, Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2020). A range of drugs is available to treat specific issues. "Ineffective breathing patterns related to pulmonary hypoplasia as evidenced by intermittent subcostal and intercostal retractions, tachypnea, abdominal breathing, and the need for ongoing oxygen support. A clinical disease deteriorating or failing to improve with treatment may be due to incorrect or insufficient antibiotic use, an overgrowth of resistant or opportunistic organisms, or both. A nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selection of nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse is accountable.. Buy on Amazon. This approach relaxes muscles while increasing oxygen levels in the patient. Nursing diagnosis for cough and colds A 36-year-old female asked: What is the nursing diagnosis for encephalopathy? Other causes could be due to CNS trauma, tumors, Others the cause of hypothermia could either be from, Extremes of age the very young and the very old, especially those without appropriate protection or clothing, People exposed to the cold outdoors for long periods, especially those with poor judgment (e.g. Impaired thermoregulation Associated with failure of the thermoregulation function of the hypothalamus. To facilitate clearance of thick airway secretions. Clotting factors coagulation factors of the body is compromised in moderate to sever hypothermia. If the body temperature drops even lower, consider extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) blood rewarming. Having a healthy pulmonary system may lessen respiratory compromise. Nursing Diagnosis For COPD Pathology: COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Monitor the patients temperature trends and observe the patient for chills and severe diaphoresis. stumbling steps, Mild hypothermia having a core body temperature between 32-35C, Severe hypothermia < 28C; unconsciousness without obvious signs of breathing and circulation, Accidental Unanticipated exposure to cold stimulus of an unprepared patient. Offer warm drinks and liquids to the patient. Anna began writing extra materials to help her BSN and LVN students with their studies and writing nursing care plans. Other tests include pulse oximetry and six-minute walk test. However, it is an essential tool that promotes patient safety by utilizing evidence-based nursing research. CT scan to assess for presence of CNS tumors that may otherwise interfere with the thermoregulation function of the hypothalamus. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. The nursing diagnosis instructs the specific nursing care that the patient shall receive. There are two types of bronchitis: Acute bronchitis is ussually caused by a viral infection and may begin after a cold. Protect the patient against environmental factors that will cause further hypothermia. This traps the air inside the lungs, making it difficult for the patient to breathe. Desired Outcome: The patient will be able to avoid the development of an infection. Some occupations also involved being exposed to chemical vapors and fumes. She takes the topics that the students are learning and expands on them to try to help with their understanding of the nursing process and help nursing students pass the NCLEX exams. Someone caught in a winter storm; homeless man without proper shelter). Patients can also experience chest tightness and excessive sputum production. Some common nursing diagnoses that might be used in a nursing care plan for someone with COPD include: ineffective airway clearance (common in chronic bronchitis) impaired gas exchange. Serum glucose levels chronic hypothermia usually has depressed serum glucose levels. All purchased items can be downloaded from this area. The patients respiration rate will remain within the normal or target limits. Nursing care plans: Diagnoses, interventions, & outcomes. Anna began writing extra materials to help her BSN and LVN students with their studies and writing nursing care plans. Abdominal and soft tissue infections are the next most frequent causes of sepsis, followed by respiratory and urinary tract infections. Saunders comprehensive review for the NCLEX-RN examination. The effects on the respiratory system might range from mild dyspnea to severe respiratory distress. Nursing Diagnosis: Deficient Knowledge related to new diagnosis of COPD as evidenced by patients verbalization of I want to know more about my new diagnosis and care. A potential problem is an issue that could occur with the patients medical diagnosis, but there are no current signs and symptoms of it. Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. Avoid using medical jargons and explain in laymans terms. Nursing Diagnosis: Risk for Infection related to hypothermia secondary to sepsis. There are different classifications of hypothermia, which include: The treatment goals for hypothermia will depend on the subtype and causes. (see figures below) Figure 2. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. 2 In contrast, flu-like illness tends to be worse, with a sudden onset and more severe symptoms. Warming measures include: Emergency department care. This occurs when risk factors are present and require additional information to diagnose a potential problem. The patient will identify measures to protect and heal the tissue, including wound care. Anna Curran. Nursing diagnoses are written with a problem or potential problem related to a medical condition, as evidenced by any presenting symptoms. Features: - Boredom. Buy on Amazon, Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2020). Formed in 1982, NANDAis a professional organization that develops, researches, disseminates, and refines the nursing terminology of nursing diagnosis. The spread of illness by aerosolized droplets is prevented by appropriate conduct, personal protective equipment, and isolation. Discontinue if SpO2 level is above the target range, or as ordered by the physician. Consultants can help ensure that suitable therapies are provided to the patient. Emphysema occurs when the air sacs in the lungs called alveoli become damaged, causing them to have destroyed walls. Learn how your comment data is processed. A whirlpool bath is utilized to encourage blood flow to the affected area, remove dead tissue, allow for normal blood flow, and help to avoid infection. Copyright 2015 Planning for Care Ltd. All rights reserved. >> Click to See the Highest Paying Jobs for Nurses in 2023. She found a passion in the ER and has stayed in this department for 30 years. 7. As a result, the alveolar walls are unable to absorb oxygen normally, which then affects the oxygen level of the blood. Auscultate the lungs and monitor for wheezing or other abnormal breath sounds. Following the screening for the risk of malnutrition, patients who were identified as being at nutritional risk should have their nutritional status evaluated. The patient will show no indications of respiratory distress. ap chem review unit 1. Exposure to cold environment). In this article, we'll explore the NANDA nursing diagnosis list, examples of nursing diagnoses, and the 4 types. Monitor the patients position regularly to avoid them from sliding down in bed. Intentional An induced state in order to preserve optimum neurologic functions. An escharotomy is a procedure that involves cutting through the eschar. Encourage the patient to avoid spicy and greasy foods. Encourage the patient to have plenty of rest. Look into complaints of burning or itching in the perineum. While all important, the nursing diagnosis is primarily handled through specific nursing interventions while a medical diagnosis is made by a physician or advanced healthcare practitioner. She is a clinical instructor for LVN and BSN students and a Emergency Room RN / Critical Care Transport Nurse. This information is intended to be nursing education and should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis and treatment. It focuses on the overall care of the patient while the medical diagnosis involves the medical aspect of the patients condition. Medical asepsis stops the spread of microorganisms and lowers the possibility of nosocomial infections. Patients who have diseases that are airborne could also require airborne and droplet precautions. Elevate the head of the bed if the patient has shallow respirations. Surgical intervention: Lung volume reduction surgery, lung transplant, bullectomy (removal of bullae or large air spaces) are the most common surgical procedures performed to treat COPD. Genetic testing for AAt deficiency if the patient has a family history of COPD. These treatments include: Ineffective Airway Clearance related to COPD and pneumonia as evidenced by shortness of breath, wheeze, SpO2 level of 85%, productive cough, difficulty to expectorate greenish phlegm. Elevate the head of the bed and assist the patient to assume semi-Fowlers position. Investigate the patients complaints of pain that are out of proportion to the physical symptoms. A nursing diagnosis provides the basis for selecting nursing interventions to achieve outcomes for which the nurse has accountability. 2. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Dizziness Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan, Renal Calculi Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan. The goal of care focuses on preventing further heat loss. COPD further branches into three specific lung conditions: emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and refractory asthma. Be informed that Inside-of-the-mouth cyanosis is a medical emergency for the patient. Arterial blood gas use of a gas analyzer is warranted to differentiate false elevated oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in hypothermic patients. She is a clinical instructor for LVN and BSN students and a Emergency Room RN / Critical Care Transport Nurse. Problem-focused diagnosis A patient problem present during a nursing assessment is known as a problem-focused diagnosis. Delivery of your purchase Desired Outcome: The patient will demonstration active participation in necessary and desired activities and demonstrate increase in activity levels. bronchodilators, steroids, or combination inhalers / nebulizers) and antibiotic medications. 3. Taxonomy II has three levels: domains, classes, and nursing diagnoses. Administer corticosteroid as prescribed by the doctor. This technique attempts to promote relaxation and recovery as quickly as possible. Instruct the patient to avoid carbonated beverages and gas-producing food. Furthermore, the NLM suggested changes because the Taxonomy I code structure included information about the location and the level of the diagnosis. Here are six (6) nursing care plans (NCP) and nursing diagnosis (NDx) for Influenza (Flu): ADVERTISEMENTS Ineffective Airway Clearance Ineffective Breathing Pattern Hyperthermia Acute Pain Deficient Knowledge Risk for Deficient Fluid Volume 1. Related Factors: - Long-term hospitalization. Accurate information lowers the risk of infection and improves the patients capacity to manage therapy independently. An increased pulse or breathing rate, as well as a loud, high-pitched crowing breath sound (stridor), indicate impaired breathing pattern. In the presence of a widespread infection, chills frequently precede temperature increases. The common cold is a mild, self-limiting, viral, upper respiratory tract infection that occurs frequently in young children, probably because they have close contact with one another, act as reservoirs of infection, and have greater susceptibility. She found a passion in the ER and has stayed in this department for 30 years. Assess the patient for signs of frostbite if the patient has spent a lot of time in a cold area. Draining wounds may just require hand cleaning, wound isolation, and linen isolation. ko", as. As directed by the doctor, administer respiratory medicines and oxygen. Anna Curran. nanda nursing diagnosis for cough and colds What is Bronchitis? akong huminga pattern discharges nursing 1. A nursing diagnosis is a statement that describes a problem related to a patient's disease. This position encourages more significant lung expansion and air exchange. Buy on Amazon, Ignatavicius, D. D., Workman, M. L., Rebar, C. R., & Heimgartner, N. M. (2020). Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. The patient will report improved and reduced dyspnea. Instruct the patient to avoid manual scraping, rubbing, or massaging frostbitten regions. The nursing diagnosis for this condition is impaired gas exchange related to . -Nursing diagnosis reference manual : Sparks and Taylor's nursing diagnosis reference manual . Another component for treating hypothermia is recognizing secondary causes through the following diagnostic workup. Rubbing can worsen tissue damage of frozen tissues. The infant will build trust and familiarity with the caregiver. Buy on Amazon, Gulanick, M., & Myers, J. L. (2022). ", "Ineffective airway clearance related to gastroesophageal reflux as evidenced by retching, upper airway congestion, and persistent coughing.". Continuous sobbing raises oxygen demands, and respiratory muscle fatigue can exacerbate airway blockage. Nursing Interventions: -The nurse will notify respiratory therapy to obtain ABG at 1500 and report results to the pulmonary md.-The nurse will monitor patient's vital signs every hours while on the bipap machine. Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. Buy on Amazon, Silvestri, L. A. Hypothermia is a condition wherein the bodys temperature is compromised and overwhelmed by cold stressors. Through maximum lung expansion, this technique ensures adequate ventilation. Ask for any form of exercise that he/she used to do or wants to try. Introduce warm fluids, either orally (if awake and alert) or intravenously (if unconscious). Most people with a common cold can be diagnosed by their signs and symptoms. Assess the patients wounds daily and give close attention to parenteral nutrition lines. Second hand smoking, marijuana smoking, and pipe smoking can also cause COPD. Impaired small airways experience impaired gas exchange primarily due to thick, tenacious mucoid secretions. It usually lasts for a week and usually causes a blocked nose followed by a running nose, sneezing, a sore throat and a cough. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. As indicated, provide a quiet atmosphere for the patient and limit visits during the acute phase of his or her condition. Clinical symptoms include phlebitis or localized inflammation that may point to a portal of entry, the kind of initial infecting organism, as well as early detection of subsequent infections. Perform chest physiotherapy such as percussion and vibration, if not contraindicated. Endotoxin action on the hypothalamus and endorphins released by pyrogen cause fever, which is measured between 101F and 105F. Explain the importance of coughing up phlegm. Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. She takes the topics that the students are learning and expands on them to try to help with their understanding of the nursing process and help nursing students pass the NCLEX exams. She received her RN license in 1997. Compare central and peripheral cyanosis. For further information and help please refer to our help area or contact us with your query. To maintain patients safety. Buy on Amazon. Anna Curran. Assess the patients vital signs and characteristics of respirations at least every 4 hours. Explain to the patient the significance of rest in the treatment regimen and the relevance of balancing rest activities. Heavily seasoned foods can irritate the stomach and contribute to nausea. 7. Collect samples of urine, blood, sputum, wounds, and invasive lines or tubes for sensitivity testing and culture if necessary. This includes the following: Nursing Diagnosis: Hypothermia secondary to exposure to cold environment as evidenced by temperature of 29 degrees Celsius, shivering, confusion, shallow breathing, and slow, weak pulse. If coughing is unsuccessful, perform nasotracheal suctioning as needed. This episode is called COPD in Exacerbation. Nursing Diagnosis for COPD Nursing Care Plan for COPD 1 Ineffective Airway Clearance related to COPD and pneumonia as evidenced by shortness of breath, wheeze, SpO2 level of 85%, productive cough, difficulty to expectorate greenish phlegm Consider using heat lamps especially for young patients. Maintenance of optimal weight. Primary Due to environment factors, without underlying medical condition (e.g. Teach the patient how to perform proper hand hygiene, covering the mouth when coughing, and oral care. The patient will exhibit improved ventilation and satisfactory oxygenation of tissues by ABGs within allowable limits. This intervention makes the treatment selection easier. Nebulization using sodium chloride (NaCl) may also be done, as ordered by the physician. Remove wet clothing and replace with thick or layered clothes. Cough can occur due to several situations, both short-term and long-term. Thus, assist the patient throughout breathing exercises. The patient will successfully expectorate sputum. To prevent spreading airborne or fluid borne pathogens and reduce the risk of contamination. Etiology, or related factors, describes the possible reasons for the problem or the conditions in which it developed. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. There are currently 13 domains and 47 classes: This refined Taxonomy is based on the Functional Health Patterns assessment framework of Dr. Mary Joy Gordon. Physical examination. Cross-contamination is made less likely by hand washing and good hand hygiene. What is the most common nursing diagnosis? A cough is a frequent reflex response used to expel mucous or exogenous irritants from the throat. To allow enough oxygenation in the room. Nurses create measurable, achievable goals and related interventions. To create a baseline of activity levels and mental status related to fatigue and activity intolerance. Isolate and monitor the patients visitors as needed. Placed the To facilitate Nursing. Cough NCLEX Review and Nursing Care Plans. Smoking cessation may stop or slow down the progression of COPD. During respiratory distress, reducing oxygen use and demand may help alleviate symptoms. Obtain a sputum sample for culture if infection is suspected. related to intervention client in lung intervention. - Lack of suitable environments. NANDA-I nursing diagnoses and Taxonomy II comply with the International Standards Organization (ISO) terminology model for a nursing diagnosis. The nursing diagnosis The risk factor So, if you want to say that this baby has Risk for infection (Nursing diagnosis) Related to immature immunologic response and extrauterine exposure (The risk factors) Then there can be no aeb evidence since there is no infection-- yet. Oftentimes, nurses will monitor the problems while the medical providers prescribe medications or obtain diagnostic tests. Administer supplemental oxygen, as prescribed. A 0 to 10 scale to assess dyspnea clarifies the difficulty level and condition variations. The terminology is also registered with Health Level Seven International (HL7), an international healthcare informatics standard that allows for nursing diagnoses to be identified in specific electronic messages among different clinical information systems. These diagnoses drive possible interventions for the patient, family, and community. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Fever Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan, Low Hemoglobin Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan, Iron Deficiency Anemia Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan. Refer the patient to physiotherapy / occupational therapy team as required. This technique is suitable for pediatric patients. Pre-hospital Care. Medical-surgical nursing: Concepts for interprofessional collaborative care. Teach the patient, significant others, and the family how to properly treat the wound, including handwashing, wound cleaning, changing the dressing, and applying topical treatments. A serious symptom of hypothermia is a temperature below 96F, which indicates an advanced state of shock, diminished tissue perfusion, and an inability of the body to develop a febrile response. Cold war history . To facilitate the body in warming up and to provide comfort. Facilitate diaphragmatic breathing in a patient with dry and persistent cough. Evaluate the patients status with the use of a weight and growth chart and advise the caregiver to make a diary of intake. Health care providers should obtain a detailed travel history for patients being evaluated with fever and acute respiratory illness. Prepare the patient for procedures like escharotomy or fasciotomy if necessary. Taking over-the-counter medication, and drinking plenty of fluids can relieve the symptoms. To modify environmental stimuli that can help the patient feel more comfortable. An acute cough lasts fewer than three weeks and significantly improves within two weeks. However, it may be resolved during a shift depending on the nursing and medical care. Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency: A small number of COPD patients has this genetic disorder where in there is a deficiency of the AAt, a protein that the, Higher risk of recurrent respiratory infections: COPD patients are highly vulnerable to bacteria and viruses that may cause infection. Please follow your facilities guidelines, policies, and procedures. The problem statement explains the patients current health problem and the nursing interventions needed to care for the patient. Offer blankets, heating pads or electric blankets to the patient. Avoid using invasive tools and processes when possible. In cases of. Nursing diagnoses handbook: An evidence-based guide to planning care. She received her RN license in 1997. Nursing Diagnoses Based on the assessment data, the major nursing diagnoses are: Ineffective breathing pattern related to the inflammatory process in the respiratory tract. The medical information on this site is provided as an information resource only and is not to be used or relied on for any diagnostic or treatment purposes. Exposing the frostbitten area to direct or dry heat can cause further damage. Encourage the patient to cough to expectorate thick sputum. Vasodilation happens as the patients internal temperature rises, which lowers BP. When performing an assessment, nurses and medical professionals can gather more data and conduct a physical exam that is specifically focused on nutrition to establish whether a nutrition problem exists, what the issue is, and how serious it is. Continue with rewarming measures like blankets, heat lamps, warm gastric lavage, and warm administration of fluids until reaching normal body temperature. However, since there are NANDA-I offices around the world, the non-English nursing diagnoses are essentially the same. Acute upper respiratory tract infection (URI), also called the common cold, is the most common acute illness in the United States and the industrialized world. Secondary Low core body temperature arising from a medical condition. RN, BSN, PHNClinical Nurse Instructor, Emergency Room Registered NurseCritical Care Transport NurseClinical Nurse Instructor for LVN and BSN students. Secretion buildup or airway obstruction can impair the gas exchange of essential tissues and organs. Desired Outcome: The patient will be able to achieve a weight within his/her normal BMI range, demonstrating healthy eating patterns and choices. The infant can concentrate better on feeding in a peaceful, distraction-free setting, and reduced environmental stimulation will help comfort the patient and assist in temperature regulation. It is normal for most COPD patients to have an oxygen level between 88 to 92% via pulse oximetry. Greenish or yellowish pulmonary secretions may indicate the development of an infection. It is characterized by low lung function, frequent asthma attacks, and persistent symptoms. She received her RN license in 1997. Bronchodilators: To dilate or relax the muscles on the airways. Place the patient in an upright position that is comfortable for him or her. Sepsis or infection of the blood may be evidenced by fever accompanied by respiratory distress. To create a baseline set of observations for the COPD patient, and to monitor any changes in the vital signs as the patient receives medical treatment. gti ac not cold AP Chemistry Unit 6 Progress Check . A nursing diagnosis is a part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgment that helps nurses determine the plan of care for their patients. A score of 0 indicates that the fetus is not experiencing any respiratory distress, while a score between 7-10 indicates severe respiratory distress. intoxicated people). Take note of any reports of breathlessness, increased lethargy, weariness, or vital signs abnormalities during and after physical activity. Control the heat source to the patients physiological reaction. A nursing diagnosis is something a nurse can make that does not require an advanced providers input. To assist in creating an accurate diagnosis and monitor effectiveness of medical treatment for hypothermia and frostbite. Acute bronchitis is a common condition that usually develops from a cold or other respiratory . Hematocrit levels 2% increase in hematocrit levels is observed for every 1C drop in temperature. Help the patient to select appropriate dietary choices to follow a high caloric diet. If your doctor suspects that you have a bacterial infection or other condition, he or she may order a chest X-ray or other tests to rule out other causes of your symptoms. Eventually, the cells rupture and die. Steam inhalation may also be performed. Assist the patient to assume semi-Fowlers position. Beta-adrenergic agonist drugs relax the smooth muscles of the airways and produce bronchodilation, which opens the airways. There are 4 types of nursing diagnoses: risk-focused, problem-focused, health promotion-focused, or syndrome-focused. Similar to how an early increase in band cells shows the body trying to create a defense against the infection, however, a decline shows decompensation. 1 Patients typically present with . Damaged or widened airways (Bronchiectasis), Inflammation of the tiny airways of the lung (, Reflux of the laryngopharynx (stomach acid flows up into the throat), Eosinophilic bronchitis without asthma (airway inflammation not caused by asthma), Clusters of inflammatory cells in different parts of the body, most commonly the lungs (Sarcoidosis), Severe scarring of the lungs due to an unidentified reason (Pneumofibrosis idiopathic). RN, BSN, PHNClinical Nurse Instructor, Emergency Room Registered NurseCritical Care Transport NurseClinical Nurse Instructor for LVN and BSN students. Oxygen support may be required. While not an official type of nursing diagnosis, possible nursing diagnosis applies to problems suspected to arise. It usually lasts for a week and usually causesa blocked nose followed bya running nose, sneezing, a sore throat and a cough. There are 4 types of nursing diagnoses according to NANDA-I. COPD is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. 5. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Provide a peaceful, warm, and comfortable environment for the patient. Reduced contamination and bacterial spread result from proper disposal of contaminated materials. This is typically done for patients on post-arrest conditions. To help dilate the blood vessels and improve the blood flow to the affected area/s. This intervention aids in the correction of hypoxemia caused by reduced ventilation or decreased alveolar lung surface. Frostbite injuries would warrant surgical debridement to avoid gangrene development. This approach determines the patients capabilities and needs. Imbalanced Nutrition: Less than Body Requirements, Chronic Confusion Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan, Cirrhosis Nursing Diagnosis and Nursing Care Plan. According to NANDA, some of the most common nursing diagnoses include pain, risk of infection, constipation, and body temperature imbalance. [10] When creating a nursing care plan for a patient, review a nursing care planning source for current NANDA-I approved nursing diagnoses and interventions related to sleep. 6. Head elevation and proper positioning help improve the expansion of the lungs, enabling the patient to breathe more effectively. RN, BSN, PHNClinical Nurse Instructor, Emergency Room Registered NurseCritical Care Transport NurseClinical Nurse Instructor for LVN and BSN students. Explain what COPD is, its types (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, or refractory asthma). Diseases that are non-infectious cannot be transmitted, and are caused by factors like genetics, environment, and personal habits. ACNP- American College of Nurse Practitioners, Advanced Practice Nurses of the Permian Basin, Top Accelerated Nurse Practitioner Programs, Top Direct-Entry Nurse Practitioner Programs, How to Become a Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner, Provide the worlds leading evidence-based nursing diagnoses for use in practice and to determine interventions and outcomes, Contribute to patient safety through the integration of evidence-based terminology into clinical practice and clinical decision-making, Fund research through the NANDA-I Foundation, Be a supportive and energetic global network of nurses, who are committed to improving the quality of nursing care and improvement of patient safety through evidence-based practice, Risk for ineffective childbearing process, Risk for impaired oral mucous membrane integrity, 1973: The first conference to identify nursing knowledge and a classification system; NANDA was founded, 1977: First Canadian Conference takes place in Toronto, 1982: NANDA formed with members from the United States and Canada, 1984: NANDA established a Diagnosis Review Committee, 1987: American Nurses Association (ANA) officially recognizes NANDA to govern the development of a classification system for nursing diagnosis, 1987: International Nursing Conference held in Alberta, Canada, 1990: 9th NANDA conference and the official definition of the nursing diagnosis established, 1997: Official journal renamed from Nursing Diagnosis to Nursing Diagnosis: The International Journal of Nursing Terminologies and Classifications, 2002: NANDA changes to NANDA International (NANDA-I) and Taxonomy II released, Dysfunctional ventilatory weaning response.