The S. aureus count was more in circle 1 (3.8 log cfu/g) when compared with circle 3 (2.7 log cfu/g) and it was not detected in circle 7. Entry of undesirable substances into the food chain is mainly due to environmental pollution. A study was carried out to identify microbiological hazards and assess their exposure associated with consumption of poultry based street food served in different localities of Hyderabad. Site Selection. Quality and safety are two common concerns cited with regards to street foods. Contact our London head office or media team here. Air Pollution and Toxic Hazards Associated with Poultry Litter Incineration. Recent researches reveal that chronic Pb intoxication with low concentrations were found to cause pain, constipation, anemia, and an increase in hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in adults, while neuropathological disorders and even learning capacities are affected in children [27]. The sources that lead to dioxin and other POP residuals in poultry are as follows [51]: Volatilization of these compounds to the air from the undefined burning procedures in industry and accumulation in the soil. Also they are subjected to solid phase extraction (SPE) or very demanding sample preparation procedures based on multistep cleaning for extraction of the analyte. By Ayhan Filazi, Begum Yurdakok-Dikmen, Ozgur Kuzukiran and Ufuk Tansel Sireli, Submitted: December 8th 2015Reviewed: July 13th 2016Published: February 15th 2017. The study indicated that chicken 65, chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, chicken Manchuria and chilly chicken are the most common recipes. In order to avoid the bioaccumulation and for the sake of public health, authorities are obliged to conduct surveillance and monitoring analysis for metal contamination in poultry. The high bacterial load of chicken fried rice and a chicken noodle was attributed to the ingredients like boiled rice and noodles kept for long time at ambient temperature. These substances are essential for poultry production because of their effects in support of health, welfare, and performance, as well as the reduction of manufacturing costs and final costs for the consumer. Chemical hazards should be addressed in steps in the production process: storage, during use (cleaning agents, sanitizers), prior to receipt (in ingredients and packaging materials), upon receipt of materials, during processing and prior to shipment of product. A foodborne hazard is ‘a biological, chemical, or physical agent in, or condition of food with the potential to cause an adverse health effect’. A total of 376 samples including chicken fried rice, chicken noodles, boiled noodles and boiled rice were collected from circle 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 of Greater Hyderabad municipal corporation (GHMC) and analyzed for microbiological examination. Currently, vaccination is popular for the control of coccidiosis, which thereby eliminates the risk of residue transfer into poultry products [14]. Measurement of temperatures of food and near surface areas of foods that were displayed for sale was carried out. This substance is especially resulted from nuclear weapons, nuclear reactor leakages and residuals. The study conducted on microbial evaluation of minimally processed vegetables indicated that the common pathogenic microorganisms transmitted to human beings through these products are L. monocytogenes, E.coli 0157:H7, and Salmonella spp. For administrative purpose, Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation has been divided into many circles with each circle being homogeneous within and different from other circles. Microbiological risk assessment (MRA) is an emerging tool for the evaluation of the safety of food and water supplies. These cooked materials and salads were kept at room temperature for about 4-5 hrs before adding it to the final product. Ionizing radiation is a natural source of energy as people are exposed through soil, water, and vegetation. In conclusion, this study found that poultry-based street foods in Hyderabad are contaminated with pathogenic bacteria like S. aureus and B. cereus. Veterinary drugs are generally added to the feed as “feed additive” in the feed factories [20]. Iodine-131 and cesium-137 were found as radioactive residues in food following Chernobyl, the biggest nuclear accident in Pripyat, Ukrainian SSR. Cloths and sponges become contaminated when they were used to wipe drippage and smears from pieces of poultry. Food security, as an evolving scientific field, is an ongoing process, starting with the production until the consumption of the final product [2]. Since it is cheap and does not require complicated devices and advanced trained scientists, screening methods are applied by poultry farmers extensively in the field [78]. Salmonella contamination was found more (43%) in salads than in the street food. While some of these threat the health even at low concentrations at no threshold, some of them may be have legal breaching characteristic [75]. HeadquartersIntechOpen Limited5 Princes Gate Court,London, SW7 2QJ,UNITED KINGDOM. The Codex Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system and guidelines for its application [Annex to CAC/RCP 1-1969, Rev. Nowadays, the prevention of coccidiosis has become the norm in modern farming for broilers and turkeys. In EU legislation, maximum residual limit of BaP is 5 μg/kg at fume (smoked) meat and meat products. The incidence of S. aureus, Salmonella spp. Ionophores are the most extensive used drugs for the prevention of coccidiosis. Poor personal hygiene often facilitates transmission of pathogens via food to humans [22]. Therefore samples were collected accordingly. The control strategies for the pharmacological effective substances and environmental pollutants in poultry meat and products includes complex and evolving measures for defining/determination of these compounds and analysis of exposure/prevention routes. Since Salmonella contamination was more in salads, it is likely that salads contribute to contamination of the street food with Salmonella. Contaminated food is a common source of human infections and poultry products are considered as a significant source of infection for humans [4, 5]. The screening tests are used for monitoring the slaughter houses, control of the import, control of the feeds, or market controls. Also, residuals of arsenic compounds were seen at body fat, liver, egg, and feather of the chicken fed with organic arsenic compounds [24]. Physical hazards include foreign objects in food that can cause harm when eaten, such as glass or metal fragments. Von Holy, “Microbiological hazard identification and exposure assessment of street food vending in Johannesburg, South Africa,”. This issue raised a global concern and initiated global measures for the prevention of the pollution [46]. Statistically significant differences were observed in the levels of contamination in different circles of Hyderabad. Foodborne pathogens were very high in salads and drinking water. 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