includes standards in such areas as psychology, sociology, geography, anthropology, political science, and economics [8]. It is clear, however, to the authors of this report that these sciences, although different in focus, do have much in common with the subject areas included here, so that much of what this report discusses in defining scientific and engineering practices and crosscutting concepts has application across this broader realm of science. Available: http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/cbscs-science-standards-2009.pdf [June 2011]. It is especially important to note that the above goals are for all students, not just those who pursue careers in science, engineering, or technology or those who continue on to higher education. Engineering and technology are included as they relate to the applications of science, and in so doing they offer students a path to strengthen their understanding of the role of sciences. 7. Any such framework must also address important and challenging issues of school and curriculum organization around the domain of social sciences and social studies. Also, many of the topics related to the social, behavioral, and economic sciences are incorporated into curricula or courses identified as social studies and may be taught from a humanities perspective. These courses are often taught by teachers who have specialized expertise and do not consider themselves to be science teachers. The framework is motivated in part by a growing national consensus around the need for greater coherence—that is, a sense of unity—in K-12 science education. During the 3-week public comment period, the committee received extensive input from both individuals and groups: a total of more than 2,000 people responded to the online survey. It is intended as a guide to the next step, which is the process of developing standards for all students. The limited treatment of these fields in this report’s framework should not, however, be interpreted to mean that the social, behavioral, and economic sciences should be omitted from the K-12 curriculum. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website. National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council. 1. Science, engineering, and technology permeate nearly every facet of modern life and hold the key to solving many of humanity's most pressing current and future challenges. Conceptual Framework. Board on Testing and Assessment, Center for Education. Not only is such an approach alienating to young people, but it can also leave them with just fragments of knowledge and little sense of the creative achievements of science, its inherent logic and consistency, and its universality. We are convinced that engagement in the practices of engineering design is as much a part of learning science as engagement in the practices of science [2]. The framework principally concerns itself with the first task—what all students should know in preparation for their individual lives and for their roles as citizens in this technology-rich and scientifically complex world. Not a MyNAP member yet? Available: http://www.project2061.org/publications/bsl/online/index.php?txtRef=http%3A%2F%2Fwww%2Eproject2061%2Eorg%2Fpublications%2Fbsl%2Fdefault%2Ehtm%3FtxtRef%3D%26txtURIOld%3D%252Ftools%252Fbsl%252Fdefault%2Ehtm&txtURIOld=%2Fpublications%2Fbsl%2Fonline%2Fbolintro%2Ehtm [June 2011]. Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available. Our approach combined. Chapter 10 articulates the issues related to curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Of Social sciences and Education offered at the fifth and sixth meetings, the committee did not a. 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