(b) The half-life of \(\displaystyle ^{226}Ra\) is now better known. There is more than one isotope of natural uranium. \(\displaystyle β^−\) decay of \(\displaystyle ^3H\) (tritium), a manufactured isotope of hydrogen used in some digital watch displays, and manufactured primarily for use in hydrogen bombs. The parent nuclide is a major waste product of reactors and has chemistry similar to potassium and sodium, resulting in its concentration in your cells if ingested. (b) 4.87 MeV. Is the difference in \(\displaystyle BE/A\) between \(\displaystyle ^{12}C\) and \(\displaystyle ^{14}C\) significant? 101. 64. Note that the electron no longer exists after it is captured by the nucleus. 99. Note that \(\displaystyle ^{56}Fe\) has even numbers of both protons and neutrons. (b) 0.000549 u Rather than being only partially provided or simply outlined, as is typically the case in textbooks on nuclear and particle physics, all solutions are explained in detail. 10. (b) If all of this energy is converted to thermal energy in the gas, what is its temperature increase, assuming \(\displaystyle 50.0 cm^3\) of ideal gas at 0.250-atm pressure? Read more. A particle of ionizing radiation creates 4000 ion pairs in the gas inside a Geiger tube as it passes through. Identify the nuclide \(\displaystyle ^AX\). Solution What is the half-life in years? Why is this not observed classically, say for a building made of bricks? Basic quantum mechanics, elementary calculus, vector calculus and Algebra are the pre-requisites. 8. The mass of \(\displaystyle ^{234}Th\) is 234.043593 u. You can sometimes find deep red crystal vases in antique stores, called uranium glass because their color was produced by doping the glass with uranium. (Consider the binding energy per nucleon.). Problems And Solutions In Nuclear And Particle Physics Author : Sergio Petrera ISBN : 9783030197735 Genre : Science File Size : 83. Neglect any slowing along its path. (b) How long ago did it actually have a 4.00-mCi activity? Neutrinos are experimentally determined to have an extremely small mass. What is the ratio of the velocity of a 5.00-MeV β ray to that of an α particle with the same kinetic energy? What is the radius of an \(\displaystyle α\) particle? What conservation law requires an electron’s neutrino to be produced in electron capture? \(\displaystyle β^−\) decay producing \(\displaystyle ^{90}Y\). You may neglect any extra energy from daughter nuclides and any losses from escaping \(\displaystyle γ\) rays. The manufacturer of a smoke alarm decides that the smallest current of \(\displaystyle α\) radiation he can detect is \(\displaystyle 1.00μA\). Confirm that charge, electron family number, and the total number of nucleons are all conserved by the rule for electron capture given in the equation \(\displaystyle ^A_ZX_N+e^−→^A_{Z−1}Y_{N+1}+ν_e\). 42. Note that \(\displaystyle ^{238}U\) has even numbers of both protons and neutrons. What maximum number of ion pairs can it create? The energy of 30.0 \(\displaystyle eV\) is required to ionize a molecule of the gas inside a Geiger tube, thereby producing an ion pair. (Most of uranium is \(\displaystyle ^{238}U\).) 58. Note that you must use four-digit or better values for \(\displaystyle c\) and \(\displaystyle ∣q_e∣\). What is the ratio of the velocity of a \(\displaystyle β\) particle to that of an \(\displaystyle α\) particle, if they have the same nonrelativistic kinetic energy? (a) \(\displaystyle charge:(+1)+(−1)=0\);electron family number: \(\displaystyle (+1)+(−1)=0;A: 0+0=0\) (c) The two \(\displaystyle γ\) rays must travel in exactly opposite directions in order to conserve momentum, since initially there is zero momentum if the center of mass is initially at rest. Calculate BE/A, the binding energy per nucleon, for \(\displaystyle ^{56}Fe\) and compare it with the approximate value obtained from the graph in Figure. If a 1.50-cm-thick piece of lead can absorb 90.0% of the \(\displaystyle γ\) rays from a radioactive source, how many centimeters of lead are needed to absorb all but 0.100% of the \(\displaystyle γ\) rays? Why is this? 66. What is the current if this last effect multiplies the number of ion pairs by 900? Calculate how much power must cross each square meter of the Earth’s surface if the power is dissipated at the same rate as it is generated. (b) Calculate \(\displaystyle BE/A\) for \(\displaystyle ^{238}U\). (These plates went out of production some 30 years ago, but are still available as collectibles. The mass of \(\displaystyle ^{222}Ra\) is 222.015353 u. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. If you have difficulties you should discuss them with the Course Lecturer. Get Solution Manual Of Nuclear Physics By Krane PDF Download and save both time and money by visit our website, available in formats PDF, Kindle, ePub, iTunes and Mobi also. (b) 0.61 to 1. (c) What assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent? 68. (c) Do you think you could detect this as heat? 56. \(\displaystyle α\) decay producing \(\displaystyle ^{228}Ra\). (a) Calculate the radius of \(\displaystyle ^{58}Ni\), one of the most tightly bound stable nuclei. 23. This result found in (a) is extremely large. 62. Nuclear Physics Problem Solution Manual book pdf free download link book now. \(\displaystyle α\) decay producing \(\displaystyle ^{208}Pb\). (c) Although the fractional mass loss is large for a single nucleus, it is difficult to observe for an entire macroscopic sample of uranium. Calculate the energy released in the \(\displaystyle β^+\) decay of \(\displaystyle ^{22}Na\), the equation for which is given in the text. In the following eight problems, write the complete decay equation for the given nuclide in the complete \(\displaystyle ^A_ZX_N\) notation. Show that the activity of the \(\displaystyle ^{14}C\) in 1.00 g of \(\displaystyle ^{12}C\) found in living tissue is 0.250 Bq. The parent nuclide is nearly 100% of the natural element and is found in gas lantern mantles and in metal alloys used in jets (\(\displaystyle ^{228}Ra\) is also radioactive). (a) The decay equation is \(\displaystyle ^{222}Ra→^AX+^{14}C\). (a) Write the complete reaction equation for electron capture by \(\displaystyle ^{15}O\). 49. Banana Data: … Suppose you have a 4000-kg block of \(\displaystyle ^{238}U\). (c) The assumption of \(\displaystyle 1.00μA\) is unreasonably large. (The high density of the uranium makes them effective.) Natural uranium is 0.7200% \(\displaystyle ^{235}U\) and 99.27% \(\displaystyle ^{238}U\). Spontaneous radioactive decay occurs only when the decay products have less mass than the parent, and it tends to produce a daughter that is more stable than the parent. Among the things to consider are the isotope chosen, its half-life and decay energy, the power needs of the probe and the length of the flight. (a) 84.5 Ci \(\displaystyle ^{209}Bi\) is the heaviest stable nuclide, and its \(\displaystyle BE/A\) is low compared with medium-mass nuclides. 21. (The small answer is consistent with the fact that the energy is large on a quantum mechanical scale but small on a macroscopic scale.). A physics student caught breaking conservation laws is imprisoned. Consider Figure. 32. Instead of using the conventional flow of introducing the basic principles, explaining the theory, providing the numerical equations linking the physical figures of merit, providing examples and finally proposing to the reader some practical exercises, the authors Kwan … Neglect the activity of any daughter nuclides. Solution (a) Natural potassium contains \(\displaystyle ^{40}K\), which has a half-life of \(\displaystyle 1.277×10^9 y\). Suppose a particle of ionizing radiation deposits 0.500 MeV of energy in this Geiger tube. 51. Solution Explain. 63. Depleted uranium has been erroneously called non-radioactive. Solution (a) The applied voltage sweeps the ions out of the gas in \(\displaystyle 1.00μs\). Nuclear Physics PHY303 Problems These problems (similar ones can be found in the recommended text: INTRODUCTORY NUCLEAR PHYSICS by Kenneth Krane) should be tackled in step with the different parts of the course.