A small percentage of global supply of genuine mahogany comes from these Asian plantations, notably from India, Bangladesh, Indonesia and from Fiji, in Oceania. The following year it was assigned to a new genus by Nicholas Joseph Jacquin (1727–1817), and named Swietenia mahagoni. The name "molave" is from Spanish, derived from Tagalog mulawin. Mahogany has a straight, fine, and even grain, and is relatively free of voids and pockets. [11] It is estimated that some 80 or 90 percent of Peruvian mahogany exported to the United States is illegally harvested, with the economic cost of illegal logging in Peru placed conservatively at $40–70 million USD annually. "[15], The specific gravity of mahogany is 0.55. This mahogany was known as 'Rattan mahogany', after the island of Ruatan, which was the main offshore entrepot for the British settlers in the area. Contextual translation of "tugas tree" into English. In terms of quantity, the most significant new addition to the mahogany trade was Honduras mahogany, also called 'baywood', after the Bay of Honduras. The first Honduras mahogany arrived in Kingston, Jamaica, in November 1763, and the first shipments arrived in Britain the following year.[33]. [24] However, caoba, as the Spanish called the wood, was principally reserved for ship building, and it was declared a royal monopoly at Havana in 1622. Hence very little of the mahogany growing in Spanish controlled territory found its way to Europe. bab.la - Online dictionaries, vocabulary, conjugation, grammar. [38] By this time mahogany from Cuba, Haiti and other West Indian sources had become increasingly difficult to obtain in commercial sizes, and by the late 20th century Central American and even South American mahogany was heading in a similar direction. bab.la is not responsible for their content. Everything you need to know about life in a foreign country. [19] Though this interpretation has been disputed, no one has suggested a more plausible origin. Species of Swietenia cross-breed readily when they grow in proximity; the hybrid between S. mahagoni and S. macrophylla is widely planted for its timber. )", "Greenpeace Curbs Mahogany Logging in Brazil, 1999-2004", http://www.commercialforestproducts.com/what-happened-to-the-good-mahogany/, "Koa: Beautiful Looking, Beautiful Sounding Tonewood", http://gaskellguitars.com/tonewoods-used-to-make-guitars/, "Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network (APFISN) A Report on the Stocktaking of National Forest Invasive Species (FIS) Activities in the Philippines", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahogany&oldid=987666312, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 November 2020, at 14:28. In 1836 the German botanist Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (1797–1848) identified a second species while working on specimens collected on the Pacific coast of Mexico, and named it Swietenia humilis. For Swietenia macrophylla, the trees in these plantations are still relatively young compared to the trees being harvested from old growth forests in South America. Its reddish-brown color darkens over time, and displays a reddish sheen when polished. The center of their activity and the primary point of export was Belize. Their main occupation was cutting logwood, a dyewood in high demand in Europe. Thomas Laslett, Timber and Timber Trees, London (1875), p.178. In 1975 S. humilis was placed on CITES Appendix II followed by S. mahagoni in 1992. The most abundant species, S. macrophylla, was placed on Appendix III in 1995 and moved to Appendix II in 2003. This wood is also called Lauan or Meranti. The National Archives (United Kingdom), Shipping register, CO 142 (Jamaica); Cust 3. Thus, the illegal trade of bigleaf mahogany continues apace.[22]. It is threatened by habitat loss. Mahogany is still widely used for fine furniture; however, the rarity of Cuban mahogany, the over-harvesting of Honduras and Brazilian mahogany, and the protests by indigenous peoples and environmental organizations from the 1980s into the 2000s,[39][40][22][41] have diminished their use. This common name is likewise used in Bikol, Masbate, Waray, and Kuyonon (Fernandez 1993). Wide, flat platforms with irregularly shaped edges can be obtained from other tree species, but not those uniquely shaped branches. The most important new development was the beginning of large scale logging in Mexico from the 1860s. Penang: Areca Books. Vitex parviflora is a species of plant in the family Verbenaceae, also known as smallflower chastetree or the molave tree. In 1671 the word mahogany appeared in print for the first time, in John Ogilby's America. 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